Term
| Recommended Weight Gain for Normal Weight Moms |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended Weight Gain for Underweight and Teenage Moms |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended Weight Gain for Overweight Moms |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended Weight Gain for Moms Carrying Twins |
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Definition
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Term
| Recommended Weight Gain for Moms Carrying Triplets |
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Definition
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Term
| How much does a mother's blood volume increase during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Changes During Pregnancy |
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Definition
Oxygen Needs Increase
Mom's heart enlarges slightly
Low BP first 2 Trimesters |
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Term
| Gastrointestinal Changes During Pregnancy |
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Definition
Lower ability to taste salt.
Constipation, heart burn, hemorrhoids (3rd trimester)
Nausea and Vomiting (1st trimester) |
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Term
| Renal Changes During Pregnancy |
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Definition
| Kidneys unable to adapt to increase in BP |
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Term
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Definition
| Main site for hormone production as well as exchange of nutrients, oxygen and waste products |
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Term
| Which mineral helps prevent neural tube defects? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which mineral does a mother need to double during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Women Infants and Children
Established to improve nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women up to 5 years of age from low-income families |
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Term
| Foods to avoid during pregnancy |
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Definition
| Shark, Mackerel, tilefish, swordfish, and large tuna |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteria that can cause foodbourne illness and miscarriage in pregnant females.
Found in deli meats, soft cheeses, hot dogs, raw milk, pate, and smoked seafood |
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Term
| Most common cravings during pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common aversions during pregnancy |
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Definition
| Alcohol, caffeine, and meat |
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Term
| KCal increase during 2nd Trimester |
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Definition
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Term
| KCal increase during 3rd Trimester |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Compulsions to ear non-nutritive substances (dirt, clay, laundry starch) |
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Term
| Pregnancy-induced complication due to increased blood volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pregnancy-induced complication due to water retention? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Diabetes only during pregnancy;goes away when baby is born.
Women should be screened for it during weeks 25-28 of gestation. |
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Term
| Gestational Diabetes Risks |
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Definition
High birth weight babies (10-12lbs)
Still Birth
Miscarriage
Premature birth |
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Term
| Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) |
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Definition
Characterized by hypertension (high BP), proteinuria, and edema.
Previous call "pre-eclampsia) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| PIH plus grand-mal seizures near the time of delivery |
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Term
| What is the preferred method of feeding for the first 4-6 months of life? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulates milk production |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes let down (tingly feeling when milk moves to nipple) |
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Term
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Definition
First milk produced
Very dense in kcals
Contains "good" antibodies which helps a baby develop an immune system.
Helps establish "good" bacteria in the gut |
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Term
| 3 Common Breast-Feeding Positions |
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Definition
| Cradle, Football, Side-Lying |
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Term
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Definition
Young Old: 65-74 years
Aged: 75-84 years
Oldest Old: 85+ years |
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Term
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Definition
Maximum potential length of life that humans may live.
Best estimate is between 120-140 years. |
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Term
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Definition
Average length of life projected for a population of a given age.
Average given age for babies born today is 77.4 years. |
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Term
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Definition
Begins at conception, ends at death.
During periods of growth, anabolic processes exceed catabolic processes.
Once physiologic maturity is reached, catabolic processes exceed anabolic processes. |
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Term
| What is the fastest growing segment of the population today? |
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Definition
85+ years
Their numbers have increased sevenfold. |
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Term
| Sensory Changes in the Elderly |
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Definition
Ability to detect odors and identify foods eaten becomes a problem.
Taste and smell begin to deteriorate at age 60. |
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Term
| Hearing loss, impaired vision, and loss of coordination are common and can lead to what in the elderly? |
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Definition
Diminished food intake.
Decreased appetite.
Decrease in food recognition.
The ability to feed oneself. |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of salivation.
Affects 70% of elderly. |
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Term
| What is the major cause of tooth loss in the elderly? |
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Definition
| Untreated dental caries (cavities) and periodontitis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation and infection of ligaments and bones that support teeth. |
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Term
| Cons of denture wearing in the elderly |
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Definition
| Tend to eat less meats, vegetables, and fruits which leads to a nutrient deficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
Decrease in gastric acid production.
Can lead to increase pH in stomach making digestion difficult.
Can lead to bacterial overgrowth in small intestine, affecting the absorption of certain nutrients. |
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Term
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Definition
| A result of altered GI motility, loss of muscle tone, inadequate fluid intake, and inactivity. |
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Term
| Prevention of Constipation in the Elderly |
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Definition
Increase fiber intake.
Ensure adequate fluid intake. |
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Term
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Definition
Inability to swallow.
May be caused from stroke, loss of muscle tone, or neurologic disease. |
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Term
| Main cause of metabolism decrease in people between the ages of 30-90? |
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Definition
| Decrease in LBM(lean body mass). |
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Term
| Main metabolic change in elderly? |
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Definition
| Decreased glucose tolerance. |
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Term
| What percent of deaths after age 75 are due to cardiovascular disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cardiovascular Changes in the Elderly |
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Definition
Blood vessels lose elasticity.
Blood pressure increases in women and decreases in men. |
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Term
| Kidney function diminishes by what percent between the ages of 30-80? |
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Definition
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Term
| Renal Changes in the Elderly |
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Definition
| Becomes difficult to maintain acid-base balance and to clear metabolic waste, electrolytes, and medications. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of lean body mass.
It's the most functionally significant change in the elderly. |
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Term
| Exercise does more than nutrition in maintaining the integrity of which body system? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Most common form of dementia.
3x more common in women.
Usually starts in the late 50s or early 60s. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of half of the visual field.
Very common in Alzheimer's patients, leading to weight loss. |
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Term
| Infants should double their birth weight by when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infants should triple their birth weight by when? |
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Definition
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Term
| Infant length increases by what percent during the first year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Child's length increases how much by age 4? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Ready to Use
Liquid Concentrates (1:1)
Powder (1:2) |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs if infants are put to bed with a bottle of juice or formula.
Water is ok at night. |
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Term
| Which skills can infants coordinate at birth? |
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Definition
Sucking
Breathing
Swallowing |
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Term
| When can solid foods be introduced to an infant? |
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Definition
| When the baby has good head control and can sit upright with support. |
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Term
| When can strained foods be introduced to an infant? |
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Definition
| When the baby beings "munching" motions. |
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Term
| When can more textured foods be introduced to an infant? |
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Definition
| When the baby shows rotary chewing. |
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Term
| Which motion indicates a readiness for finger foods? |
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Definition
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Term
| By what age should a baby be completely off of a bottle and pacifier? |
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Definition
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Term
| Foods to avoid giving an infant to avoid choking |
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Definition
Grapes
Nuts
Honey or Corn Syrup before age 1 (to avoid botulism). |
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Term
| How often can you introduce new foods to a baby? |
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Definition
| 1 new food every 3-4 days. |
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Term
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Definition
Refusing and resisting to eat new foods.
Very common. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs when a child will only eat one type of food for every meal, day after day.
Normal behavior; makes child feel independent. |
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Term
| National School Lunch Program |
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Definition
Allows federal cash reimbursement and donated foods to be provided to schools that serve a lunch meeting specified nutritional requirements.
Children from families with poverty-level incomes must be provided a free or reduced lunch. |
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Term
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Definition
Affected by stress, stage of menstrual cycle, and make-up.
No relationship between food and acne has been found. |
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Term
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Definition
Begins in late 40s.
Estrogen production decreases, causing bone mass to decrease. |
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Term
| How much of a woman's life is spent in the postmenopausal stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nutrients do the elderly need more of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The elderly may be deficient in which vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Supplements the food-buying power of needy individuals and families in a way that gave them freedom of choice. |
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Term
| Title III Elderly Nutrition Program of the Older Americans Act |
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Definition
Federal program that established congregate dining and home-delivered meals for senior citizens.
Meals must provide 1/3 of the RDAs for older adults. |
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Term
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Definition
Severe, prolonged, and persistent vomiting during pregnancy.
Almost NOTHING stays down.
Mother may be admitted to hospital and given TPN if it can't be controlled. |
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Term
| Most important micronutrient during childhood |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you know if a baby is receiving enough breast milk? |
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Definition
Baby has 6-8 wet diapers a day.
Frequent stools.
Steady weight gain. |
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Term
| Common problems of breast feeding |
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Definition
Engorgement
Sore Nipples
Flat/Inverted Nipples
Infection (Mastitis)
Leaking |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a mother breast feeds, then stops for a period of time, then returns to breast feeding. |
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