Term
| What are a monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccaride, and an oligosaccharide? |
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Definition
| Mono= 1, Di=2, Poly and oligo=many (carbon bonds) |
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Term
| What are the 3 important dietary carbs? |
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Definition
| Glucose, Fructose, Galactose |
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Term
| What is glucose?/What is its common name? |
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Definition
| Sugar in the blood, i.e. blood sugar |
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Term
| What is a rich source of sucrose? |
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Definition
| Anything with table sugar. |
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Term
| What foods are rich in High Fructose Corn Syrup? |
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Definition
| Sodas, juices, any commercial baked goods, processed foods. |
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Term
| What foods are rich sources of fiber? |
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Definition
| Vegetables, fruits, whole grains |
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Term
| What foods are rich in soluble fiber? |
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Definition
| Apples, bananas, citrus fruits, carrots, beans, some seeds, oats |
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Term
| What foods are rich in lactose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What sweeteners provide 2kcal/g? |
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Definition
| The "-tols" Sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, mannitol |
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up maltose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up lactose? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Chains of glucose – present in liver and muscles. Stored, not active. |
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Term
| Where are insulin and glucagon made? |
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Definition
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Term
| What foods are rich in starch? |
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Definition
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Term
| What monosaccharides make up sucrose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sweeteners provide 0kcal per serving? |
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Definition
| Saccharin, aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame, Monk fruit extract, Stevia leaf extracts |
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Term
| Which foods classify as high glycemic index? (70 or more) |
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Definition
| Soda, banana, popcorn, french fries, potato, bagel, candy |
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Term
| What is the relationship between excess sugary soda intake and weight gain. |
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Definition
| Excess sugary soda intake is directly linked to weight gain in most average individuals. |
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Term
| What is the role of insulin in blood sugar homeostasis? |
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Definition
| Insulin lowers blood sugar |
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Term
| What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar homeostasis? |
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Definition
| Glucagon raises blood sugar. |
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Term
| What is the importance of lipids in the body? |
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Definition
| Protection, energy, cell structure, hormone [sex hormones], |
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Term
| What is the most common occurring structure in lipids? |
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Definition
| Fatty acid (cholesterol rings, phospholipid structures) |
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Term
| What is emulsification and give an example of a food that may act as an emulsifier. |
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Definition
| The process of combining foods that would not be soluble with one another. Eggs. |
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Term
| Identify the structures of a fatty acid- |
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Definition
| Carbon chains (be able to recognize) |
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Term
| What are the essential fats? |
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Definition
| Omega 3 and Omega 6 (Alpha linaeic and linolaiec) |
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Term
| What foods are rich sources of saturated fat? |
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Definition
| Animal fat, coconut, and palm oils |
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Term
| What foods contribute to large amounts of trans fats in American diets? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fat contributes to taste in foods. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat, in structure and at room temperature? |
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Definition
| Saturated is solid (straighter structure), unsaturated is liquid (bent structure) |
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Term
| Do you need animal fat for cholesterol? |
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Definition
| No, the human body can synthesize it. |
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Term
| What foods are rich in unsaturated fats? |
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Definition
| Avocado, olive, peanut, canola oils, Safflower, grapeseed, sunflower, and soybean oils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is lecithin and what are some foods rich in this molecule? |
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Definition
| a substance widely distributed in animal tissues, egg yolk, and some higher plants, consisting of phospholipids linked to choline. You can get it in peanut butter too. |
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Term
| What practices will help reduce saturated fat levels? |
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Definition
| Decreasing animal products in diet. |
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Term
| What foods are good sources of omega-3 fat? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the recommended blood levels of cholesterol, LDL, and HDL? |
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Definition
Total - Less than 200mg/dL
LDL - Less than 100mg/dL
HDL - 60 mg/dL and higher |
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Term
| What are the characteristics or conditions that increase a person's risk of cardiovascular disease? |
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Definition
| Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels, lack of exercise, smoking, diabetes, poor diet, excess body fat, age, genetics,stress, alcohol intake, sleep apnea. |
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Term
| What is the percentage of saturated and unsaturated fat recommendation from total calorie intake? Daily cholesterol recommendation? |
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Definition
Less than 10% from saturates
Trans fat “low as possible”
Less than 300 mg/day cholesterol
Less than 10% from saturates |
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Term
| What are the sources of carbohydrate in chocolate milk? |
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Definition
| From the milk sugars (lactose), the fat content, as well as added sugars (probably sucrose) in the chocolate. |
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Term
| What is a major end product of fat digestion? |
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Definition
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