Term
| What is traditionally used to determine intensity of aerobic activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a disease caused by a nutritional deficiency? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of a nutrient? |
|
Definition
| carbohyrates, minerals, vitamins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carbs, fats and oils, proteins |
|
|
Term
| What nutrient is the most energy dense? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name some micronutrients? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vitamins are classified into two groups, ________________ and ___________________. |
|
Definition
| fat-soluble and water-soluble |
|
|
Term
| What are four characteristics of a healthful diet ? |
|
Definition
| Adequate, moderate, balanced, variety |
|
|
Term
| What is required on all food labels? |
|
Definition
1. Statement of Identity
2. Ingredients List
3. Nutritional Facts Panel |
|
|
Term
| The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends a minimum of how much moderate activity most days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Foods high in sugar promote what? |
|
Definition
| Obesity, unhealthy diet and body |
|
|
Term
| Excess sodium in the diet is linked to ____________________ in some individuals. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is nutrient density? |
|
Definition
| Most nutrients for their calories |
|
|
Term
| Healthier fat sources include ________ and canola oil. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hunger is best described as what? |
|
Definition
| Physiological sensation that prompts us to eat. |
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|
Term
| The smallest units of matter that cannot be broken down by natural means are what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the structural levels of the human body organized into (smallest to largest) ? |
|
Definition
| Atomic, Molecular, cellular, tissue, organs, organ system, organism |
|
|
Term
| Why are cell membranes called semi permeable? |
|
Definition
| It allows things to enter or leave the cell. |
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|
Term
| What is the "powerhouses" of the cell that produces energy from food molecule called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the term that describes the process by which the foods we eat are broken down into smaller components by either mechanical or chemical means? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role that the liver plays in digestion and absorption of nutrients? |
|
Definition
1. Produces Bile
2. Filters Blood (removes toxins) |
|
|
Term
| Most digestion and absorption occurs in the _____________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mechanical and chemical digestion of food is initiated in the ________________ . |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Salivary amylase is an ___________________ . |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the component of the gastric juices? |
|
Definition
| Hydrochloric Acid, Pepsin, Gastric Lipase, Mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to do what? |
|
Definition
| Protect the stomach lining |
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|
Term
| What macronutrient is NOT broken down chemically in the stomach? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins that induce chemical changes to speed up body processes are called ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called __________________ . |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the organ is responsible for the manufacturing and secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as many digestive enzymes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that increase surface area and allow for the absorption of nutrients are called ? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In which organ does the majority of water absorption occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Live-Microorganisms thought to be healthy for host organsim (Lactic acid bacteria) |
|
|
Term
| What are the end product of photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Single units (molecules) of carbohydrates are called ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term complex carbohydrates refers what? |
|
Definition
| poly-saccharides (long chains of glucose molecules) |
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|
Term
| Found in liver and skeletal muscle cells, _______________ is the storage form of glucose in animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is gluconeogenesis ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During periods of rest and low intensity activity the body uses ________ as its predominant fuel source. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| In the absence of carbohydrate, ______________ are produced from body fat as an alternative fuel for the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fiber that is manufactured and added to foods and fiber supplements is called ___________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What health benefits are associated with consumption of soluble fibers? |
|
Definition
1. Reduce risk of Type 2 Diabetes
2. Helps digestion |
|
|
Term
| What is associated with diets high in added sugars? |
|
Definition
1. Cavities
2. Obesity
3. Decreased levels of good cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body doesn't process __________________ properly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is yogurt tolerated better than milk by many lactase-deficient people? |
|
Definition
| The bacteria in yogurt helps digest the lactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fats and insoluble in water |
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|
Term
| Most fat in the diet is in the form of ______________________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A fatty acid that contains no double bonds is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What fatty acid is generally a solid at room temperature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What foods are rich sources of monounsaturated fatty acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What food is the richest source of omega-3 fatty acids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fatty acid and creating a more solid fat is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diets high in trans fatty acids are associated with what problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ingredient would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in a product? |
|
Definition
| partially hydrogenated or shortening |
|
|
Term
| Why are phospholipids NOT an essential nutrient? |
|
Definition
| They are manufactured in our body |
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|
Term
| ____________________ are the key structural component of a cell's membrane. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of fat digestion and absorption occurs in the ______________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To facilitate the digestion of dietary fats, the gallbladder stores and releases a substance known as ________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body are the majority of triglycerides stored for future energy needs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The longer an individual exercises, the more ___________________ is used for energy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One potential problem with a very low-fat diet is that it may be deficient in _________________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of dietary fat is known to elevate blood cholesterol levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of death in the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diets high in ______________________ have been shown to decrease blood levels of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The production of HDL is increased by _________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ________________________ gives each amino acid its distinct properties. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Polypeptides are strings of ____________________ amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What food is a source of complete proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the human body, proteins are found where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major function of protein in the human body? |
|
Definition
1.Building, repairing body tissue
2. Maintaining acid-base balance
3. Maintaining fluids |
|
|
Term
| In the stomach, proteins are broken down into smaller peptides by _________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete protein is called what ______________________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The type of vegetarian who consumes dairy products but excludes all other types of animal protein, is called a ________________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proteins that help defend the body against bacteria, toxins and allergens are called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the absence of adequate dietary carbohydrate the body can breakdown protein to provide glucose to the brain by a process known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What best describes denaturation? |
|
Definition
1.(Heat)
2. Chemical Reaction that causes a protein to lose its shape and function |
|
|
Term
| What is a complete protein? |
|
Definition
| Contains all nine essential amino acids |
|
|
Term
| Where does the absorption of proteins occur ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What health problem has been associated with high protein intakes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ is the waste product that forms when nitrogen is removed from the amine group during amino acid metabolism. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An abnormal fluid imbalance beneath the skin (swollen) |
|
|
Term
| After amino acids are absorbed in the small intestine they are transported by the blood stream directly to the ____________________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would be the best fluid replacement for events lasting less than one hour? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary mechanism by which the human body dissipates heat? |
|
Definition
| (Evaporative Cooling), Sweating, Perspiration |
|
|
Term
| To avoid ________ contamination during pregnancy, fish consumption should not exceed 12 ounces a week. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A low-birth-weight infant will weigh how much? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which trimester of pregnancy is the fetus the most vulnerable to teratogens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A normal-weight woman should gain approximately ________ during pregnancy. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On average, Americans have a life expectancy that reaches into what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is traditionally used to evaluate the level of intensity of aerobic activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the FIT principle ? |
|
Definition
| Frequency (how much), Intensity, Time (how long) |
|
|
Term
| To achieve muscular fitness it is recommended that training should occur at least how many days? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What describes fat-soluble vitamins? |
|
Definition
1. Insoluble in water
2. Micronutrients
3. Soluble in fat |
|
|
Term
| The best known role that vitamin A plays in the human body is what ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do humans obtain vitamin D? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary dietary source of vitamin D for humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What food preparation method would cause the greatest loss of vitamin C? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are rich sources of vitamin C besides citric fruit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is synonymous with the word malignant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ________ diet has been used successfully to treat hypertension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diets rich in ________ are associated with maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major dietary source of iodine is _____________________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A deficiency of ________ is the most common deficiency worldwide. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The spongy bone found within the ends of long bones is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant mineral in our body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in the ___________________ .. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ - ___ % of an adult's healthy body weight is fluid. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of the body's fluid is found where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary reason we sweat? |
|
Definition
| Regulates Body Temperature |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid? |
|
Definition
1. Protects brain
2. Acts as shock absorber |
|
|
Term
| Which organ is primarily responsible for maintaining fluid balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the groups are the MOST vulnerable to dehydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ is a potentially fatal condition characterized by the failure of the body's heat-regulating mechanisms. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What athletes would benefit from using a sports drink to meet their hydration needs? |
|
Definition
| Marathon Runner and Long Distance Runner |
|
|
Term
| A body weight that exceeds 100% of the normal standard for a given height is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is body mass index is determined ? |
|
Definition
| Ratio of body weight to height |
|
|
Term
| The three components of total energy expenditure are what? |
|
Definition
1. BMR
2. Thermic effect of food
3. How is energy expended |
|
|
Term
| An apple-shaped fat pattern increases a person's risk for what diseases? |
|
Definition
| Cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes |
|
|
Term
| What assessment technique can be used to evaluate an individual's fat distribution pattern? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What describes the energy balance equation? |
|
Definition
| Energy Intake = Energy Expended |
|
|
Term
| Skinfold measurements, underwater weighing, and the Bod Pod® all measure what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the set point theory? |
|
Definition
| Your body has a set range that it wants to keep your weight at. |
|
|
Term
| What type of weight loss will an individual experience by restricting calories but not increasing his or her level of physical activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Obesity is classified as having a BMI of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What best describes an eating disorder? |
|
Definition
1. Abnormal eating
2. Atypical eating
3. Anorexia |
|
|
Term
| What type of eating disorder is characterized by episodes of bingeing and purging ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Purposeful
2. Planned
3. Structured Physical Activity |
|
|
Term
| The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends engaging in a minimum of ________ minutes of moderate physical activity most days of the week. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ is the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the overload principle? |
|
Definition
| The principle of overload states that a greater than normal stress or load on the body is required for training adaptation to take place. The body will adapt to this stimulus. Once the body has adapted then a different stimulus is required to continue the change. |
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