Term
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Definition
Compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that are HYDROPHOBIC (not soluble in water)
What it does: texture, flavor, aroma, satiety (fullness) |
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Term
| Why does the body need lipids? |
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Definition
| Energy (9cals/g), energy storage, insulation, transport proteins, cell membranes, pre-cursor to vital hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols |
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Term
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Definition
| alpha-linolenic acid -> EPA and DHA |
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Term
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Definition
| emulsifiers in food and body, allow water and oil to mix. vital to complonents or cell membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Known as CHOLESTEROL......has no calories and isn't used for energy. important part of cell membrane structure. |
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Definition
| vital sterol in human body |
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Definition
dairy is a good source
deficiency -> cheilosis - cracking of mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholesterorl is found in... |
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Definition
| (made by the liver) Only in foods derived from animal sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduce cholesterol in human body |
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Term
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Definition
| means to transport triglycerides, cholesterol, and fat-soluble vitamins from small intestine and stored lipids from liver. transport fat in LYMPH AND BLOOD! |
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Term
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Definition
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalaline
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine |
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Term
| NON essential amino acids |
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Definition
alaline
asparagine
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
serine |
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Term
| CONDITIONALLY essential amino acids |
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Definition
arginine
proline
tyrosine
cysteine
glutamine
glycine |
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Term
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Definition
B vitamins (goes up to 12)
thiamin
riboflavin (B2)
niacin (B3)
biotin
pantothenic acid
vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)
folate (folic acid)
vitamin b12 (cobalin, choline)
vitamin c (ascorbic acid) |
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Term
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Definition
| vitamin A, D, E, K, all are stored + B12 |
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Term
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Definition
MAJOR: Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S)
TRACE: Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), Fluoride (Fl), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iodine (I), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo) |
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Term
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Definition
Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg
Pre-Hypertention:
Systolic 121-139 or Diastolic 81-89
Hypertention: 140/90 or greater |
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Term
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Definition
.8
During pregnancy and lactation you need extra 25 g/day |
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Term
| Baby/athlete protein comparison |
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Definition
| Babies need just as much as strength athletes! |
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Term
| Meeting Sodium and Potassium needs |
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Definition
Sodium: RDA -> 2300 mg/day
Potassium: RDA -> 4700 mg/day |
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Term
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Definition
2 or more proteins that alone have inadequate AA composition, but COMBINED provide ALL essential AAs
Legume + whole grain
or
Legume + Vegetable |
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Term
| Complementary Protein combinations |
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Definition
RICE (grains) + beans (legume)
Hummus (chicken peas) + whole grain pita
rice + tofu
Lima beans + corn (succotash)
bulgar wheat + lentils
black-eyed peas + corn
corn tortilla + beans
pea soup + whole grain bread
Peanut butter (legume) + jelly on whole grain bread (grain) |
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Term
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Definition
| low in saturated fats and cholesterol... protein, iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B-12 |
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Term
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Definition
| excludes red meat but may include fish and poultry, as well as dairy products and eggs |
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Term
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Definition
| excludes all animal flesh except fish |
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Term
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Definition
| excludes all animal flesh but does include eggs and dairy products such as milk and cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| excludes animal flesh and eggs but does include dairy products |
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Term
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Definition
| excludes all food of animal origin |
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Term
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Definition
protein deficiency
a pure protein defiency
disease 1st born gets when 2nd kid is born |
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Term
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Definition
an energy deficiency plus protein deficiency
irreversible! |
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Term
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Definition
deficiency -> Beri-Beri
tramsmission of NERVE impulses
breakdown of alcohol
production of ribose
metabolism of carb.'s and some AAs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process of adding nutrients to foods; added nutrients generally not naturally found in that food.......ex. calcium and orange juice |
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Term
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Definition
| adding nutrients back to foods that were lost nutrients processing of food.......adding back B Vits to white rice that were lost during processing |
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Term
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Definition
SOLID at room temp.
found in animal derived...low in plant derived |
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Term
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Definition
1 or more carbon double bonds; less sat. with hydrogen
LIQUID at room temp.
mono- and poly- unsaturated fats |
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Term
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Definition
| rapid, severe allergic reaction |
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Term
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Definition
-triggered when a protein from diet is absorbed without being completely digested; FIRST time eat fod, you likely will not 'get sick'
-antibodies are formed, SECOND time you will have a reaction |
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Term
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Definition
-adverse reaction to food BUT does NOT involve the immune system
AVOID GLUTEN |
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Term
| Which vitamins are stored? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sat. fats, unsat. fats, and trans fat. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 or more carbon double bonds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Phospholipids are mostly found: |
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Definition
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Term
| Cholesterol is not nessecary because: |
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Definition
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Term
| which has more cholesterol? an egg or peanut butter? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| carry digested fat from small intestine through lymph into bloodstream to cells to deliver triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
| lipoproteins deliver fat made in liver cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 'bad' cholesterol, high fraction is cholesterol and deliver cholesterol to cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 'good' cholesterol. removes cholesterol from body and deliver to liver for excretion |
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Term
| why are essential fatty acids essential? |
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Definition
omega-6 : linoleic acid
omega-3: alpha-linoleic acid
Important for growth, skin integrity, fertility, and structure & function of cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
essential fatty acid
made from omega-3 & -6, helps regulate blood clotting, blood pressure and immune system function |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stores fat in the form of triglycerides |
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Term
| consequences of essential fatty acid deficiency: |
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Definition
symptoms: dry, scaly skin, liver abnormalities, poor wound healing and for infants failure to grow and impaired hearing and vision
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS ARE POLY-UNSATURATED |
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Term
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Definition
hardening of vessels
irreversible
type of CVD. fatty/fibrous materials deposit in artery walls
oxidation of LDL is the 1st step |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene is the code that dictates which type of amino acid and the SEQUENCE in which amino acids are linked together |
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Term
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Definition
| protein altered by heat, acid, UV light, or other stressors break bonds between amino acid side chains, causing protein to uncoil changing it's STRUCTURE. |
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Term
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Definition
1) mouth -> chewing
2) stomach -> hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin begins the chemical digestion
3) small intestine -> |
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