Term
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Definition
| organisms that like cool temperatures. Listeria monocytogenes is an example Temps <25C |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that like high temperatures. Thermus aquaticus is an example. Temps 50-60C+. |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that like moderate temperatures. Most medical pathogens fit here. Temps 25-40C. Bacterial pathogens are grown in incubators set for 35C. |
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Term
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Definition
| require an organic carbon source. |
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Term
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Definition
| use oxidation-reduction reactions of inorganic or organic compounds for energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| use oxidation-reduction, require organic carbon source. Medical pathogens |
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Term
| How efficient is aerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| Excellent. One molecule of glucose converts to 38 ATPs in bacteria. |
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Term
| How efficient is anaerobic respiration? |
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Definition
| Variable. One molecule of glucose converts to between 2 and 37 ATPs in bacteria. |
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Term
| Do bacteria require oxygen? |
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Definition
| Aerobes require oxygen. Anaerobes do not. |
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Term
| What are facultative bacteria? |
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Definition
| Switch hitters. Can use oxygen or can switch to anaerobic respiration. |
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Term
| What is the pH preferred by medically important bacteria? |
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Definition
| pH range of 6.8-7.4 around neutral pH. |
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Term
| What element of sunshine may be harmful to bacteria? |
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Definition
| UV radiation can kill bacteria |
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Term
| What humidity is good for bacteria? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally, how do we identify bacteria? |
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Definition
| By determining what they can eat. Indirect insight to the DNA that codes for their enzymes. |
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Term
| If bacteria don't have mouths, how do they get food inside? |
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Definition
| Various methods of passive and active transport. Active transport requires the expenditure of energy (ATP). |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that requires oxygen for growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that doesn't grow in the presence of oxygen. |
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Term
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Definition
| The observable characteristics expressed by an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| The DNA code present in the organism. Not all items in the genotype may be expressed, and we may not be able to observe them easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that cause disease in humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution with a greater solute concentration relative to the hypotonic solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution that contains less solute than a hypertonic solution. Water will travel by osmosis from an area of hypotonic concentration to an area of hypertonic concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Growth supporting substances. Think food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms with incomplete metabolic systems that require some food materials be supplied directly since the organism cannot manufacture them. We must supply special nutrients for them to survive. Think "picky eaters" |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that require increased amounts of carbon dioxide to live |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that can behave as an aerobe or anaerobe |
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Term
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Definition
| An integrated system of biochemical processes which produces energy and synthesizes cellular molecules |
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Term
| What are the three "tests" that define infectivity groups? |
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Definition
| Oxygen requirement, Gram-stain reaction, Shape. |
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Term
| How many infectivity groups are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which infectivity group characteristic divides the microbial world in half? |
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Definition
| Oxygen - divides into two groups anaerobes and aerobes. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of phenotypic testing? |
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Definition
| By determining phenotype, one can indirectly determine expressed features of the genotype. There may be other genes present that are not expressed. This is a disadvantage. |
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