Term
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Definition
part of coenzyme TPP in energy metabolism
Deficiency:berberi, anorexia and weight loss, neurological disturbances, muscular weakness, heart enlargement, and failure
Toxicity: N/A |
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Term
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Definition
Part of coenzyme FAD and FMN in energy metabolism
Deficiency:inflammation of the mouth, skin and eyelids
Toxicity:N/A |
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Term
| Niacin-nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, niacinamide vitamin B3 |
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Definition
Part of coenzyme NAD and NADP in energy metabolism
Deficiency:pellgra
Toxicity:niacin flush, liver damage, impaired glucose tolerance |
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Term
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Definition
Part of coenzyme in energy metabolism
Deficiency:skin rash, hair loss, neurological disturbances
Toxicity:N/A |
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Term
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Definition
Part of coenzyme A in energy metabolism
Deficiency:digestive and neurological disturbances
Toxicity:N/A |
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Term
| Vitamin B6-pyridoine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine |
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Definition
Part of coenzyme used in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism
Deficiency:scaly dermatitis, depression, confusion, convulsions, anemia
Toxicity:nerve degeneration and skin lesions |
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Term
| Folate-folacin, folic acid or pteroylgutamic acid |
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Definition
Activates B12; helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth; protects nerve cells
Deficiency:anemia, glossitis, neurological disturbances, elevated homocysteine
Toxicity:makes B12 deficiency |
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Term
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Definition
Activates folate; helps synthesize DNA for new cell growth; protects nerve cells
Deficiency:anemia, nerve damage and paralysis
Toxicity:N/A |
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Term
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Definition
Synthesis of collagen, carnitine, hormones,neurotransmitters; antioxidant
Deficiency:scurvy
Toxicity:diarrhea and GI stress |
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Term
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Definition
needed for synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the phospholipid leithin
Deficiency Symptoms:liver damage
Toxicity Symptoms:body odor, sweating, salivation reduced growth rate |
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Term
| Vitamin A-retinol, retinal, retinoic acid |
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Definition
Vision, maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, skin, bone and tooth growth, reproduction, immunity
Deficiency Symptoms:infectious diseases, night blindness, blindness and keratinization
Toxicity:reduced bone mineral density, liver abnormalities and birth defects |
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Term
| Vitamin D-calciferol, vitamin D3, vitamin D2 |
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Definition
mineralization of bones
Deficiency Symptoms:rickets and ostoemalacia
Toxicity:calcium imbalance |
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Term
| Vitamin E-Alpha-tocopherol |
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Definition
Antioxidant
Deficiency Symptoms:Erythrocte hemolysis and nerve damage
Toxicity:hermorrhagic effects |
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Term
| Vitamin K-phylloquinone, menaquinone, menadione, and napthoquinone |
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Definition
synthesis of blood-clotting proteins and bone proteins
Deficiency:hemorrhage
Toxicity:N/A |
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