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| the main energy currency for cells. ATP energy is used to promote ion pumping, enzyme activity, and muscular contraction |
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Definition
| a chemical compound formed in one of many steps in a metabolic pathway |
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| the process by which plants use energy from the sun to produce energy-yielding compounds, such as glucose |
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| the use of oxygen; in the human organism, the inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of CO2; in cells, the oxidation of food molecules to obtain energy |
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| a compound that combines w/ an inactive protein to form a catalytically action protein. aid in enzyme function |
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| nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) |
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Definition
| formed from vitamin niacin. readily accepts and donates electrons and hydrogen ions. |
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Term
| flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) |
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Definition
| formed from riboflavin. readily accepts and donates electrons and hydrogen ions. |
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| water-based phase of the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| main sites of energy production in cell; also contain pathway for oxidizing fats for fuel |
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Definition
| metabolic pathway that converts glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid, w/ the net gain of 2 ATP and 2NADH + 2H+ |
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Definition
| carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose w/ a highly branched structure. storage form of glucose. synthesized and stored in liver and muscles |
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Term
| oxidative phosphoraylation |
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Definition
| process by which energy derived from oxidation of the NADH + H+ and FADH2 is transferred to ADP + P to form ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of reactions using oxygen to convert NADH + H+ and FADH2 molecules to free NAD+ and FAD molecules w/ the donation of electrons and hydrogen ions to oxygen, yielding water and ATP |
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Definition
| break down of fatty acid into numerous acetyl coA |
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Definition
| breakdown of triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids |
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Definition
| a compound used to shuttle fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria |
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Definition
| incomplete breakdown products of fat, containing 3 or 4 carbons, w/ ketone |
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Definition
| condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies |
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Definition
| what remains of an amino acids after the amino group has been removed |
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Definition
| a class of simple sugars, glucose, fructose, and galactose, |
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Definition
| chemical bond of 2 monosaccharides; maltose, sucrose, and lactose |
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