Term
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Definition
Carbs: Sugars and starch
Lipids: Fats/Triglycerides
Proteins: AA's
Vitamins
Minerals
Water |
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Term
| Energy provided per nutrient per gram |
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Definition
Carbs: 4 kcal/g
Lipids: 9 kcal/g
Proteins: 4 kcal/g |
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Term
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Definition
Monosaccharides
Glucose, galactose, fructose |
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Term
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Definition
Starch-- plants
Glycogen-- Animals
Cellulose-- Plants |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| supplies energy to RBC and skeletal muscle and brain tissue and the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| Adrenaline that increases blood sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| Increases gluconeogenesis (steroid hormone) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| No double bonds between carbons, solid at room temp |
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Term
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Definition
| At least one double bond between carbons |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbons and hydrogens aren't on the same side of the molecule; doesn't exist in nature |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrogen and carbon on same sides; exists in nature, bent at bond |
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Term
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Definition
| Builds up on walls of coronary arteries, narrowing the diameter for blood flow an providing a surface for platelet adhesion. The liver regulates production of LDL receptors to remove blood plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| prevent platelet adhesion (made by endothelial cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| plugs wounds (made in platelets) |
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Term
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Definition
| Polymers of amino acids, composed of 20 Amino Acids and linked by peptide bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbons can be turned into glucose and other parts can be turned into fat |
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Term
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Definition
| AA:S where they can only be used to make fat, no glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbs (glycerol, AA’s) |
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Term
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Definition
| These are the inactive form in which an enzyme is made. Activation includes the removal of part of the protein. This protects the enzyme-making organs from attacks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mouth (amylase) → Esophagus → Stomach (lipase, pepsin) → small intestine (absorption of nutrients… Maltase, lactase, sucrose) → Colon (absorption) |
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Term
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Definition
i. Passive- no energy, H2O and nonpolar molecules
ii. Facilitated- No energy, polar molecules (fructose)
iii. Active- energy needed, against concentration gradient (glucose)
iv. Endocytosis- energy needed, engulfs in membrane |
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Term
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Definition
i. Excess glucose → FA’s → Triglycerides
ii. Excess glucogenic AA’s → glucose
iii. Excess ketogenic AA’s → FA’s → triglycerides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| B (B-6, B-12), Stress Folate, C |
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Term
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Definition
| substance with an odd number of electrons that has formed in the presence of oxygen reacting with organic compounds to form free radicals and other toxic substances. This superoxide can then damage cells itself, produce H2O2 (toxic), or react with hydroxyl radicals (BAD). |
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Term
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Definition
| A, E, C, beta-carotene: Scavenge free radicals and protect cells from effects |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Clonality- cancer originates from a single cell
2. Autonomy- Cell growth not regulated by normal mechanisms
3. Anaplasia- Lack of normal, coordinated differentiation
4. Metastasis- Dissemination to other parts of the body |
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