Term
| Protein is made up of what elements? |
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Definition
| Amino Acids containing: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen |
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Term
| How many nonessential and essential amino acids are there? |
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Definition
NONESSENTIAL: 11
Synthesized in the body
ESSENTIAL: 9
Cannot be made by the body |
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Term
| What can denature protein? |
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Definition
Denaturation: unfolding of protein shape by
HEAT, ACIDS, BASES OR SALTS
(This alters its function) |
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Term
| What is positive/negative nitrogen balance? |
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Definition
POSITIVE Nitrogen Balance: More nitrogen is retained (infants, children, pregnant women)
NEGATIVE Nitrogen Balance: More nitrogen is excreted (starvation, serious injury or illness)
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Term
| How much protein should an individual consume? |
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Definition
| 0.8 g of protein/kg of body weight is needed daily |
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Term
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Definition
- Poverty
- Poor Food Quality
- Insufficient Food
- Unsanitary Living Conditions
- Ignorance
- Stopping Lactation too Early |
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Term
| How many calories per gram are there in protein? Fat? Carbs? |
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Definition
PROTEIN: 4
FAT: 9
CARBS: 4 |
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Term
| What are the different classifications of vegetarians? |
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Definition
Lacto-vegetarian
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian
Ovo-vegetarian
Vegan
Semivegetarian |
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Term
| A deficiency in protein causes what? |
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Definition
Edema (bloated belly)
Muscle and Bone Loss
Skin Rashes
Hair Changes
Water and Electrolyte Imbalance |
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Term
| What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins? |
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Definition
Complete Proteins contain ALL Essential Amino Acids
Incomplete Proteins are low in one or more essential amino acids (plant proteins) |
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Term
| Where do you find complete proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of calories should come from Protein? |
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Definition
| 10-35% of total daily calories from protein |
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Term
| Where do you get essential amino acids? |
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Definition
| In foods such as MEAT and MILK |
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Term
| Are vitamins organic or inorganic? Essential or nonessential? |
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Definition
Vitamins are tasteless ORGANIC compounds
Vitamins are ESSENTIAL nutrients for your well being |
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Term
| Which vitamin is light-sensitive and found in milk? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes folic acid so important? |
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Definition
Folic Acid is vital for
DNA synthesis |
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Term
| What is the best way to reduce catching a cold? |
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Definition
| Washing your hands frequently with soap and water! |
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Term
| What are the ways you can unintentionally reduce the vitamin content of foods? |
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Definition
| Exposure to AIR, WATER, HEAT, and some FOOD PREPARATION techniques |
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Term
| What is the difference between fat -and water- soluble vitamins? Which is more toxic? |
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Definition
FAT Soluble need dietary fat to be properly absorbed
WATER Soluble are absorbed with water
FAT Soluble vitamins are more TOXIC |
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Term
| What is the useable form of Vitamin A? |
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Definition
| Retinoids, Retinol being the most useable |
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Term
| Do vitamins provide ENERGY? |
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Definition
| NO, because vitamins don't have calories |
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Term
| EXCESS/DEFICIENCIES FOR VITAMINS: C, B12, Niacin |
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Definition
Vitamin C
Excess: 3,000 ml + nasea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, kidney stones
Deficiency: Scurvy
Vitamin B12
Excess: none known
Deficiency: none known
Niacin
Excess: Flushing, reddish coloring of the face, arms, and chest.
Deficiency: Pellagra Disease of the 3 D's (dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea)
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Term
| EXCESS/DEFICIENCIES FOR VITAMINS: Vitamin D, THIAMIN |
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Definition
Vitamin D
Excess: Loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Hypervitaminosis D (overabsorption of calcium from the intestines as well as calcium loss from bones)
Deficiency: Rickets (bones not mineralized in children) Osteomalacia (adult equivalent of Rickets) this can lead to Osteoporosis
Thiamin (B1)
Excess: Unknown
Deficiency: Beriberi (loss of appetite and weight loss, memory loss, and confusion) Alcoholism can lead to Beriberi and also Wernickle-Korsaoff syndrome (Brain disorder of which memory loss can be permanent)
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Term
| Functions/roles of Vitamin: D, B6, C |
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Definition
Vitamin D
Function: Bone health through calcium and phosphorus regulation. It may prevent diabetes and some cancers
Vitamin B6
Function: Riboflavin important to Energy Metabolism
Vitamin C
Function:Synthesis of Certain Amino Acids. Need to make collagen, important antioxidant.
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Term
| Functions/roles of Vitamin: K, Folate |
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Definition
Vitamin K
Function: K for "Klotting", Blood coagulation, or clotting. W/o Vit K a simple cut would cause uncontrollable bleeding, also important for bone health
Folate
Function: Vital for DNA synthesis. It helps body to use amino acids and is needed to help red blood cells divide and increase in adequate numbers. It also helps prevent birth defects. |
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Term
| What are the major minerals? What are the trace minerals? |
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Definition
Major Minerals: Sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphurus, magnesium, sulfur.
Trace Minerals: Iron, zinc, selenium, fluoride, chromium, copper, manganese, and molybdenum |
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Term
| What is the difference between major minerals and trace minerals? |
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Definition
Major Minerals (Macrominerals): Needed in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day.
Trace Minerals (Microminerals): Needed in amounts less than 20 milligrams per day. |
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Term
| How does absporption of minerals vary? |
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Definition
| Absorption of minerals from your foods can vary depending upon their bioavailability, which is the degree to which a nutrient from foods is available for absorption. |
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Term
| What can help reduce blood pressure? |
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Definition
- Reduce your sodium intake
- Lose excess weight
- Stay physically active
- Drink alcohol Moderately
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Term
| When is peak bone mass typically reached? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| What mineral is added to water for dental health? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where does most of the SODIUM in a typical diet come from? |
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Definition
| Processed foods contribute a hefty 77% of the sodium in the diet. |
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Term
| What is Hypertension? What are the symptoms? Causes? |
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Definition
Hypertension: High Blood Pressure
Symptoms: No symptoms- must be checked regurarly
Causes that can't be controlled: Family history, aging process, race
Causes that can be controlled: Dietary lifestyle, weight and physical activity level |
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Term
| EXCESS AND DEFICIENCIES FOR: Calcium and Sodium |
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Definition
Calcium
Excess:Hypercalcimia or too much calcium in the blood, impaired kidneys and calcium deposits. Constipation and interfere with absorption of other minerals.
Deficiency:Calcium then leaves bones to maintain a constant level of Ca in the blood. Osteoporosis
Sodium
Excess: High blood pressure (hypertension), risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease
Deficiency: Rare |
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Term
| EXCESS AND DEFICIENCIES FOR: Potassium and Iron |
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Definition
Potassium
Excess:Hyperkalemia (from supplements) too much potassium in blood.
Deficiency:Hypokalemia, from bouts of vomiting and/or diarrhea (seen in bulimia or anorexia)
Iron
Excess: Constipation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Deficiency: Anemia |
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Term
| FUNCTIONS OF: Sodium, Calcium, Iron |
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Definition
Sodium:
Regulation of FLUID BALANCE
Calcium:
Helps build strong bones and teeth, role in muscles, nerves,and blood, it may help lower high blood pressure, may fight colon cancer, reduce risk of kidney stones and obesity.
Iron:
Most abundant in body. Highly valuable component of blood |
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Term
| FUNCTIONS OF: Selenium, Chromium |
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Definition
Selenium:
Regulation of thyroid hormones, plays an antioxidant role, may help figh cancer
Chromium:
Helps Insulin in the body, may reduce pre-diabetes |
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Term
| Where is the majority of alcohol metabolized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects the rate of absorption of alcohol? |
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Definition
| The food in the stomach slows down absorption |
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Term
| What can help alleviate a hangover? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol affects the absorption of what other nutrients? |
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Definition
| PROTEIN, zinc, magnesium, B vitamins Thiamin, folate, and B12, vitamins A,D,E, AND K |
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Term
| What is the alcohol recommendation while pregnant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the illegal BAC level? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the symptoms of alcoholism? |
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Definition
| Craving, loss of control, and physical dependency |
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Term
| How does alcohol affect sexual behaviors and function? |
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Definition
| Affects reproductive hormones and sexual dysfunction in men and women |
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Term
| Excess calories from alcohol turn into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| How fast does your liver metabolize alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| What affects the rate of metabolim? |
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Definition
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