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Nutrition 102
vitamins
45
Other
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2011

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Cards

Term
Vitamin A Functions
Definition
vision
sperm production
fertilization in women
healthy bones
Term
Vitamin A Deficiencies
Definition
night blindness
inability to reproduce
failure to normal growth
Term
Vitamin D Functions
Definition
regulates blood calcium levels
maintains bone health/growth
protects rbc
Term
Vitamin D Deficiencies
Definition
rickets
bone weakness
osteoporosis
Term
Vitamin E Functions
Definition
antioxidant
protects cell membrane
protects rbc
enhances immune function
Term
Vitamin E Deficiencies
Definition
anemia
muscle weakness
rbc hemolysis
impairment of nerve transmission
Term
Vitamin K Functions
Definition
coenzyme
bone metabolism
Term
Vitamin K Deficiencies
Definition
reduce ability to form clots
excessive bleeding
Term
Thiamin Functions
Definition
carbohydrate metabolism
coenzyme in BCAA metabolism
Term
Thiamin Deficiencies
Definition
beriberi
apathy
confusion
muscle weakness
Term
Riboflavin Functions
Definition
oxidation
reduction reactions for metabolism of carbs and fats
Term
Riboflavin Deficiencies
Definition
dry cracked lips
inflammation of mucus membranes of mouth
Term
Niacin Functions
Definition
carb and fatty acid metabolism
DNA replication and repair
cell differentiation
Term
Niacin Deficiencies
Definition
pellagra
depression
skin rash
Term
Niacin Toxicity
Definition
liver disfunction
glucose intolerance
blurred eyes
Term
Vitamin B6 Functions
Definition
amino acid metabolism
synthesis of blood cells
carbohydrate metabolism
Term
Vitamin B6 Toxicity
Definition
sensory neuropathy
lesions on skin
Term
Folate Function
Definition
DNA synthesis
amino acid metabolism
Term
Folate Toxicity
Definition
neurological damage
Term
Vitamin C Functions
Definition
assists with collagen synthesis
enhances immune function
syntheses of hormones, neurotransmitter, and DNA
Term
Vitamin C Deficiencies
Definition
scurvy
loose teeth
weakness
hemorrhagic fiar follicles
Term
Vitamin B12 Functions
Definition
formation of blood
nervous system function
homocysteine (amino acid) metabolism
Term
Biotin Function
Definition
metabolism of carbs, fat, and protein
Term
Pantothenic Acid:
Definition
fatty acid metabolism
Term
Sodium Function
Definition
absorption of nutrients
muscle contraction
maintains acid-base balance
(+ charge in extracellular)
Term
Sodium Deficiencies
Definition
muscle cramps
dizziness/fatigue
mental confusion
Term
Sodium Toxicity
Definition
water retention
high BP
loss of calcium
Term
Potassium Functions
Definition
nerve impulses
healthy BP levels
muscle contractions
(+ charged intracellular)
Term
Potassium Deficiencies
Definition
muscle weakness
paralysis
confusion
Term
Potassium Toxicity
Definition
muscle weakness
vomiting
irregular heart beat
Term
Phosphorous Functions
Definition

healthy bones

acid-base balance

(- charged intracellular)

Term
Phosphorous Deficiencies
Definition
muscle weakness
bone pain
Term
Phosphorous Toxicity
Definition
muscle spasms
convulsions
low blood calcium
Term
Chloride Function
Definition

maintains fluid balance

kill bacteria

prepares digestion

Term
Calcium Function
Definition

maintain bone health

bp

transmission of nerve impulses

muscle contraction

 

Term
Calcium Deficiencies
Definition
osteoporosis heart failure convulsions
Term
Magnesium Functions
Definition
component of bone muscle contraction assists +300 enzyme systems
Term
Fluoride Function
Definition
healthy teeth and bones
Term
Iodine Function
Definition
synthesis of thyroid hormones
temperature regulation
reproduction and growth
Term
Chromium Functions
Definition
glucose transport
metabolism of DNA and RNA
immune function
growth
Term
Iron Functions
Definition
component of hemoglobin in blood cells
component of hemoglobin in muscle cells
assists enzyme systems
Term
Iron Deficiencies
Definition
microcytic (small red blood cells)
hypo-chromic anemia
Term
Iron Toxicity
Definition
nausea
vomiting/diarrhea
rapid heart beat
organ damage
Term
Zinc Function
Definition
assists +100 enzyme systems
gene regulation
growth
sexual maturation
Term
Copper Function
Definition
assists in enzyme systems
iron transport
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