Term
| function of small intestine/ what sphincter muscles isolate it? |
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Definition
| chemical digestion and absorbtion of nutrients/ pyloric sphincter and ileocecal valve |
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Term
| name the three regions of the small intestine in order |
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Definition
| duodenum / jejunum / ileum |
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Term
| describe composition of pancreatic juice / where does it enter |
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Definition
| h2o sodium bicarbonate enzymes / enters in the duodmen |
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Term
| describe each function of the pancreatic juice |
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Definition
| amylase (starch killer) lipase (fat breakdown) proteases (protein breakdown) |
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Term
what organ produces bile? stores it? enters? function of bile?
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Definition
| liver produces / sotred in gallblatter / enters in duodenum / makes fat soluable in water |
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Term
| describe the structure of the inner layer of the small intestine / tiny folds called? / small projections / |
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Definition
| simple columnar epithilial layer / tiny folds called plicae / villi / |
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Term
| function of small folds in the small intestine? / |
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Definition
| absorbtion of nutrients into blood stream or fat into lipid system / |
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Term
| what are the intestinal cells called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what two catagories of membrane protiens are abundant in the cells? |
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Definition
| transport proteins and brush border enzymes (brush border break down food) |
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Term
| describe the primary function of the large intestine / sphincter muscles |
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Definition
| absorb water and compact remaining waste / ileocecal valve and anal sphincter |
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Term
| regions in order for large intestine |
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Definition
| cecum (w/ appendix) - ascending colon - transverse colon - decending colon - sigmoid colon - rectum |
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Term
| why is epithilial tissue different in the pharynx and esophagus different from that of the stomach and intestine? |
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Definition
| the pharynx and esophigial epithilial tissue have stratified squamish to allow for expansion and movement of food / the stomach and intestine have simple columnar to provide protection from bacteria and secretion of mucus to protect the stomach lining and to propel food. |
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Term
| describe the two function of the pancreas |
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Definition
| production of digestive enzymes and production of hormones to regulate blood sugar |
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Term
| what does the liver produce in relation to digestion? |
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Definition
| bile!!!! which emulsifies fat |
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Term
| what else does the liver do in relation to nutrition and food? |
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Definition
| the liver can store energy, fat soluable vitamins, store iron, convert fat into protein and vice versa, convert glucose into protein and vice versa, keeps blood sugars even |
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Term
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Definition
| turning polymers into monomers through hydrolosis |
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Term
| four classes of biochemicals name their monomers and polymers |
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Definition
| 1. carbohydrates - monosaturiedes polysatrurides 2. lipids - fatty acids 3. protiens - amino acids - polypeptides 4. nucleaic acids - mononucleatides - polynucleotides |
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Term
| what proteins help hydrolosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what enzyme breaks down polysaccharides? what organs produce it? where does this happen? |
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Definition
| amylase from the pancreas in the duodenum |
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Term
| what enzymes are involved in the final stage of of carb digestion? where are they found? whats the end result of polysaccharide digestion? |
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Definition
| brush border enzymes in the small intestine - final result is absorbtion into the entrocrytes |
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Term
PROTEINS
what compund unfolds and deavtivates proteins? where does this happen? what enzyme breaks them down? what organ produces the enzyme to put them into small chains and where ? |
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Definition
| hcl deactivates them peptin break them down - peptidases makes them into small chains from the enzyme proteases delivered from the pancreas in the duodenum |
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Term
| what enzymes are involved in the final stage of protein break down? where are they found? what is the end production of protein digestion? |
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Definition
| brush border enzymes in the small intestine - absorbed into the entrocyte cells |
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Term
| what chemical allows lipids to disolve in water? what produces it? where does it happen? |
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Definition
| bile produced by the liver happening in the duodenum |
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Term
| what enzyme breaks down lipids? what produces it? where does this happen? |
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Definition
| lipase from the pancreas in the duodenum |
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Term
| what is the end product of most lipid diegestion? |
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Definition
| absorbed into the lymphnode system through entrocryte cells |
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Term
| what organ is responsable for processing nutrients and ensuring proper amounts into the blood stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is intestinal "flora" |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the benefits of flora? |
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Definition
| lower infection rates, produce vitamins b and k, regulate digestive function, lower ulcer occurence, lower allergies, lower bp |
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of benificial bacteria |
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Term
| what does a monosaccharide look like? |
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Definition
| look for carbon two hydrogen and oxygen CH2O |
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Term
| what is glucose, galactose, fructose, deoxyribose, and ribose? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the structural difference between a and b glucose? |
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Definition
| a glucose has the oh below the ring of carbon while b glucose has oh above the ring of carbon |
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Term
| what are disaccharides?/ what are the common ones in our diet? |
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Definition
| two monomers / sucrose (table sugar) - lactose (sugar in milk) - maltose (in booze) |
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Term
| what monosacchuride is found in all 3 disachurrides? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the function of monosacchurides and disaccharides? |
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Definition
monosach....energy or fuel, used to build nucleotides
disach....energy |
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Term
| what is a polysaccharide? |
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Definition
| a bunch of sachharides for short term energy and storage |
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Term
| what catagory does cellulose, starch and glycogen belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| starch glycogen and cellulose are all made up of what monosaccharide? |
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Definition
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