Which of the following is secreted by the digestive system to emulsify fat in the small intestine?

A. Saliva

B. Bile

C. Mucus

D. Trypsinogen

B. Bile

Where are most volatile fatty acids absorbed in a ruminant?

A. Duodenum

B. Rumen

C. Abomasum

D. Jejunum

E. Large intestine

 B. Rumen

What happens when young ruminants consume milk?

A. Milk is fermented by microbes in the rumen

B. Milk flows into the rumen but is not fermented because there are no microbes

there

C. Milk flows into the rumen but is not fermented because antimicrobial peptides

in milk eliminate the bacteria there

 D.

One important role of the liver is to synthesize:

A. Glucose

B. Essential nutrients

C. Pancreatic amylase

D. Intestinal microbes

 A. Glucose

Which of the following nutrient(s) are absorbed from the monogastric stomach?

A. Water

B. Carbohydrate

C. Protein

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

E.

 The prevalence of this condition is increasing rapidly among people in the United States.

A. Obesity

B. Cancer

C. Polio

D. Rickets

 A. Obesity

 Fatty acids stored in the body can be released for use by cells through the process of:

A. Lipogenesis

B. Rancidity

C. Glycogen synthesis

D. Lipolysis

E. None of the above

 D. Lipolysis

Diabetes is a disorder that leads to problems with regulation of glucose metabolism.

However, dietary lipid can have an important impact on progression of the disease.

Which lipid class has been shown to help prevent type II diabetes?

A. Saturated fatty acids

B. Triglycerides

C. Omega-3 fatty acids

D. Cholesterol

E. Trans fatty acids

C. Omega-3 fatty acids

 Which of the following is always an anaerobic process?

A. Oxidative phosphorylation

B. Respiration

C. Fermentation

D.  ATP production

 C. Fermentation

Animal nutrition has an important impact on:

A. The environment

B. Profitability of livestock operations

C. Animal health

D. Human health

E. All of the above

E.

 Which portion of the digestive system is responsible for pushing digesta back to the mouth for rumination?

A. Omasum

B. Reticulum

C. Doudenum

D. Proventriculus

B. Reticulum

 Which of the following animals is most likely to undergo catabolism (catabolic processes)? 

A. A growing puppy

B. A steer receiving a high-grain diet in a feedlot

C. A camel wandering through the desert with no food

D. A mature sow that just weaned her piglets

C. A camel wandering through the desert with no food

Match each of the numbered animal adaptations below to the function of the digestive system that it contributes to. Letters can be used any number of times or not at all. 

A. Transport

B. Prehension

C. Absorption

D. Selection

E. Particle size reduction

A dog’s nose

A chicken’s ventriculus (gizzard)

A child’s sense of taste

Mucus neck cells in the pig stomach

Villi and microvilli in the horse jejunum

A cat’s claws

A dog’s nose D

A chicken’s ventriculus (gizzard)  E  

A child’s sense of taste D

Mucus neck cells in the pig stomach A

Villi and microvilli in the horse jejunum C

A cat’s claws  B

 What pancreatic secretion is responsible for neutralizing the acidic digesta that flows from the stomach into the duodenum?

A. Amylase

B. Peptidase

C. Sodium bicarbonate

D. Bile

E. None of the above

C. Sodium bicarbonate

 After pepsinogen is released by chief cells in the stomach, __________.

A. it must be converted to pepsin by acid before it becomes active.

B. it immediately begins degrading proteins.

C. it aids in carbohydrate digestion.

D. it causes the gall bladder to contract.

E. All of the above

A. it must be converted to pepsin by acid before it becomes active.

 What is peristalsis?

A. A disease of the large intestine.

B. An enzyme critical for carbohydrate digestion.

C.The process by which digesta is moved through the digestive tract.

D. A portion of the monogastric stomach.

E. None of the above.

C. The process by which digested is moved through the digestive tract.

 What nutrient class does this compound belong to?

A. Pentose sugars

B. Disaccharides

C. Short-chain fatty acids

D. Sterols

A.

Complete oxidation of glucose produces what end-product(s)?

A. ATP 

B. H2O

C. CO

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

 After absorption, carbohydrates are transported directly to the liver by traveling through the:

A. Arteries

B. Portal vein

C. Lymphatic system

D. Illeum

B. Portal vein

 Your new crop of corn silage was just analyzed for fiber content. The analysis from the lab shows that the silage contains 40% fiber on a dry matter basis, and it is 30% dry

matter. What is the fiber concentration on an as-fed basis?

A. 12%

B. 30%

C. 40%

D. 75%

E. 133%

A. 12%

Modern nutrition research for humans and companion animals is focused primarily

on:

A. Avoiding short-term nutrient deficiencies

B. Maximizing efficiency of nutrient use

C. Increasing rate of gain

D. Preventing chronic or long-term onset diseases

D. Preventing chronic or long-term onset diseases

 Which animals are most prone to ketosis?

A. Performance horses

B. Feeder pigs

C. Dairy cattle

D. Dogs

C. Dairy cattle

Which type of tooth is most important for clipping grass?

A. Canine

B. Molar

C. Gizzard

D. Incisor

D.

Which of the following compounds is(are) a polymer formed from glucose

monomers?

A. Amylose

B. Amylopectin

C. Glycogen

D. Cellulose

E. All of the above

E.

 Adipose tissue deposited in this location is considered desirable for beef quality.

A. Subcutaneous (under the skin)

B. Intra-abdominal

C. Intra-muscular

D. Perirenal (around the kidneys)

C. Intra-muscular

 Which type of animal would you expect to be able to grow the fastest on an all-grass diet?

A. A typical monogastric (i.e. pig)

B. A foregut fermenter

C. A carnivore

D. A hindgut fermenter

E. All would perform equally well

B. A foregut fermenter

Your cat currently consumes about 500 grams of wet food (60% dry matter) each day. To save money, you are considering switching her to a dry cat food (90% dry matter). How much of the dry food do you expect her to eat each day, assuming it is

palatable?

A. 300 grams

B. 333 grams

C. 450 grams

D. 500 grams

E. 750 grams

500 g x 60% = 300 g of DM.  
300 g / 90% = 333 g as-fed.
B. 333 grams

Which is the best definition of an essential nutrient?

A. A nutrient that is required in the diet because the body doesn’t synthesize it

B. A nutrient that is only necessary at critical times during development

C. A nutrient that serves as the foundation for other compounds

D. Any nutrient that is important for the function of the body

A. A nutrient that is required in the diet because the body doesn’t synthesize it

 Which of the following compounds is considered a structural carbohydrate?

A. Cholesterol

B. Hemicellulose

C. Glucose

D. Starch

E. Glycerol

B. Hemicellulose

You work for a food company and are put in charge of finding a source of saturated fat for use in a new product. Which of the following might be a logical source to try?

A. Beef tallow

B. Corn oil

C. Fish oil

D. Soybean oil

A. Beef tallow

Which type of animal would be expected to have the greatest capacity in the large intestine (including cecum, when appropriate)? Assume approximately equal body weight across species. 

A. Ruminant

B. Hind-gut fermenter

C. Grain-consuming monogastric

D. Carnivore

E. All would be approximately the same

B. Hind-gut fermenter

Which of the following nutrients is most abundant in the animal body?

A. Water

B. Carbohydrate

C. Lipid

D. Mineral (primarily in bone)

A. Water

What nutrient class(es) does this compound belong to?

A. Monosaccharide

B. Structural carbohydrate

C. Saturated fatty acid

D. Omega-3 fatty acid

E. All of the above

C. Saturated fatty acid

Match the following secretions of the digestive system with the species where it is most important:

cow

pig

A. Sodium bicarbonate in saliva

B. Amylase in saliva

cow A

pig B