Term
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Definition
When client has no special dietary restrictions
All food groups and proper serving numbers represented (Balanced)
RDAs for all nutrients met
Want variety in food choices
Nutrient density
Moderation (sugar, fat, salt, alcohol, caffeine)
Calorie control |
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Term
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Definition
Physical Activity (PA) Factors
Male Female PA (Per Day)
Sedentary 1.0 1.0 Typical daily living activities
Low Active 1.11 1.12 Plus 30-60 min moderate activity
Active 1.25 1.27 Plus 60 min in moderate activity
Very Active 1.48 1.45 Plus 60 min in moderate activity and 60 min vigorous activity or 120 min moderate activity
Moderate activity = walking 3.5-4.5 mph |
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Term
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Definition
20-35 gm fiber/day
45-65% total Calories from carbohydrates
RDA = 130 gm/day
<10% total Calories from sugars
Grains, veggies and legumes for fiber & starch
Fruits for sugars & fiber
20-35% total Calories from fat
(35% as long as diet is still low in saturated fat)
20% ideal
Avoid trans fat (hydrogenated oils)
Mono- & polyunsaturated over saturated
<10% total Calories from saturated fat
< 7% for heart disease
Rich in omega-3 (fish, nuts, flaxseed oil)
<300 mg cholesterol/day |
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Term
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Definition
Protein = 0.8 gm/kg body weight for adult
Higher for infants, children, teens, pregnant & lactating women
~10-35% total Calories
Adequate vitamins, minerals, and H2O |
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Term
| Vegetarian diets standard |
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Definition
Variety of reasons for choosing
Religious, ethical, social, economic, health (#1 reason )
Can tailor to values & beliefs
Usually lower in saturated fat & cholesterol than meat-based diets
Several types:
1) Strict vegetarian (Vegan) diets – exclude all animal-derived foods
2) Lacto – vegetarian – includes dairy
3) Lacto–ovo vegetarian – includes dairy & eggs
4) Pesco vegetarian - fish
5) Semi-vegetarian – include some, but not all, animal-derived foods
Usually exclude meat
May occasionally include poultry, fish or shellfish |
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Term
| Calories: vegan vegetarians |
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Definition
Vegetarians tend to be closer to ideal body weights than non-vegetarians
Diets are rich in starch and fiber, low in saturated fat and cholesterol
Obesity could happen in lacto- or lacto-ovo diets
Want low fat choices in dairy
Vegans may have trouble getting enough Calories
Especially in children, can stunt their growth |
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Term
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Definition
1) VitaminB12 = only in animal-derived foods
2) Vitamin D = regular sun exposure will prevent deficiency
3) Iron = RDA for vegetarians (men, post-menopausal women, female adolescent girls) is almost double that of meat eaters for same gender & age
Meat eaters absorb 3-times as much iron from a meal as vegetarians (MFP factor)
Vitamin C with a meal with an iron source will help absorption of iron
4) Zinc = widespread in plants, but fibers and other binders may limit its availability
Need legumes, zinc-enriched cereals, whole grains
Seafood could also help, if not vegan
5) Calcium = regular and ample dark green leafy vegetables (kale, collard greens)
Legumes
Ca-fortified foods = OJ, soy milk, cereals
Almonds
Sesame seeds
Should vary these food because binders may decrease calcium availability |
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Term
| vegetarian dit nut adequacy |
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Definition
The vegetarian diet fails to meet the recommended daily allowances of the National Research Council for niacin, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and zinc. If the patient abstains from all foods of animal origin, including dairy products, the diet may also be deficient in iron, calcium and vitamin D. A multi-vitamin-mineral supplement is recommended.
Adolescents, children and infants following a vegetarian diet should receive individual nutrition counseling to ensure proper nutrition. |
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