Term
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Definition
1. binds and fuses to cell surfaceCD4 cell surface receptor
2.virus penetrates the cell surface and then does reverse transcription RNA> DNA
3.integrtes into the human DNA with HUman integrase
4. transcribes with the HIV DNA
7. assembly and chains come together
8. BUDS out and takes some of the membrance with it
9. breaks free of infected cell and matures into a working virus by |
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Term
what does point mutatins allow
|
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Definition
rapid evolution under selective pressure
so it can jump cross species |
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Term
| what are the two types of HIV |
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Definition
HIV1 found world wide and jumped from chimps to humans
HIV2- originates in south africa from sooty mangabees |
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Term
| which one is similar to SIV and may have come from hunting chimps |
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Definition
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Term
| What allows HIV to escape from host immune response or therapy |
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Definition
| variant genotypes developing over the course of the infection |
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Term
| who has most of the new infections |
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Definition
| minority and women and youth with poor access to health care |
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Term
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Definition
| heterosexual, homosexual love making, injection, vertical,blood |
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Term
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Definition
more than 40% of all cases
25%new infections in adults younger than 25y with 6xmore females
increase in vertical transmission |
|
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Term
| how to prevent vertical transmission |
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Definition
intrapartum: nivariprine, dose before and after deliever, c-section
postpartum: formula, short duration breastfeeding
treat breast milk
antiretroviral therapy during breast feeding |
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Term
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Definition
flu like symptoms
CD4 cell count down
oppurtunistic infections
nutritional decline and wasting |
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Term
|
Definition
immune system activity elevated - constant inflammation
hormonal and nutrient metabolism
protien turnover
malabsroption so malnutrition
increase risk for other chronic disease
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Term
| pathophysiology and disorders |
|
Definition
| neurological, pulmonary, CVD manifestations, anemia, bone mineral density decreasse, renal failue, AIDS |
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Term
|
Definition
serum or plasma for HIV antibodies
early infection anitobody,antigen, and viral RNA
western blot, IFA, LIA, PCR
genotype and phenotype assay |
|
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Term
|
Definition
CDC: CD4 count and clinical characteristic
WHO: clinical characteristics |
|
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Term
| CD4 cell count categories |
|
Definition
500 cat 1
00-499 cat 2
200 cat 3 |
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Term
|
Definition
A: no symptoms but generalised lymphadenopathy
B: fever, diahrrhea, cell mediated immunity defect, oral dysplasia, cervical issues
C: AIDS, cervical cancer, candidiasis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
HIV: acute retroviral
clinical stage 1: asymptomatic generalized lymphadenopathy
stage 2: <10 percent weight loss, herpes zoster, UTI, fungal infections
s3: >10 weight loss symptoms of fever and diaherrea, anemia, bacterial infections
s4: HIV wasting syndrom chronic diarrhea, opputunistic diseases/ |
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Term
|
Definition
antiretroviral drugs that reduce destruction of immune cells
prevention and treatment of opportunistic infection
modulation of altered hormonal balance
maintance and resotration of nutritional stratus |
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Term
|
Definition
entry fusion inhibitors, nucleosude reverse transcriptase inhibitors
non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase
integrase
portease |
|
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Term
| how do we prescribe HIV therapy |
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Definition
| 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and one from of the other classes |
|
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Term
| what are the major concerns of HIV treatment |
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Definition
| -cost, resistance, drug schedule and meal food requirements, side effects, physical and biochemical abnormalities |
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Term
| Nutritional and metabolic consequences of the drugs |
|
Definition
mitochondrial toxicity, increased plamsacholestorol and triglycerides: many HIV patients are overweight
Decreased insulin sensitivitt
lipodystrophy: increased visceral adiposity
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|
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Term
| dylipidemia interventions |
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Definition
| Diet and lifestyle, switching and antiretrovirus agents, drug treatment of insulin resistance, statin, fibrates, block cholestorol absorption, niacin, omega 3 fatty acids. |
|
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Term
| whar did Haart do for those with HIV |
|
Definition
| CD4counts increased plasma viral load decreased and life expentancy increased |
|
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Term
| oppurtunistic diesase result in |
|
Definition
| reduction in food intake episodic wasting and activation of CD4 cells |
|
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Term
| what can prevent or delay weight loss and nutritional decline and disease progression |
|
Definition
| prophylaxi and early treatment |
|
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Term
| principle goal of nutrition support for HIV patients |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what does weight loss mean and what does it imply |
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Definition
| means that body weight loss and associated micornutrient loss may impair the immune system and hasten the CD4 count and associated immune deficiency |
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Term
| Treatment of prevention of wasting |
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Definition
| appetite stimulants, anti-catabolic and anabolic medication and hormone replacement therapies |
|
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Term
| what are some of the herbal therapies |
|
Definition
garlic, st johns, ginko biloba.
possible interactions with medication
toxicity issues |
|
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Term
| what are some non nutrient therapies |
|
Definition
| androgens, appetite stimulants, exercise, growth hormone, insulin sensitizing agents |
|
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Term
| how does HIV cause weight loss |
|
Definition
| decreased food intake, impaired nutrient absorption, metabolic alterations |
|
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Term
| why is there food intake decrease in HIV patients |
|
Definition
| oppurtunisitc infections, oral tenderness and lesions, lack of appetite because of infection |
|
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Term
| what are some of the metabolic alteration |
|
Definition
high REE because of infectino
high protien turnover
chanfe in body composition
acute phase protiens and oxidative stress |
|
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Term
| what will HAART do for those with out oppurtunistic infections that are weight stable |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some factors of assessing HIV infection |
|
Definition
| dietary evaluation, physical assessments, biochemical assesment, medical history |
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Term
| how often should MNT encounter happen |
|
Definition
1-2 MNT encounter/yr with HIV (asymptomatic)
2-6 MNT encounter a yr with symptoms |
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Term
| Goals of MNT and optimal outcome for individuals with HIV/AIDS |
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Definition
| prevention of nutritional compromise, restoration of nutrtional well-being, support for overall health care plan |
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Term
|
Definition
| improved knowledge therapy adherance and management od disease and co-morbidities, improved nutritional status, support for physical and psycosocial economic well being as related to food and nutrition |
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