Term
Alpha2 Agonists
Clonidine(Catapres) & Methyldopa(Aldomet) |
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Definition
| Acts on central nervous system to block vasoconstriction, which lowers BP & reduces anxiety. Side effects: drowsiness, dry moth, weakness, depression, retention of sodium & water. Monitor BP & safety precautions, assess for edema |
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Term
Ganglionic Blockers,
Mecamylamine(Inversine) |
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Definition
| Blocks transmission of nerve impulses that constrict blood vessels, vessels dilate & reducing BP. Assess for sodium & water retention, bradycardia, impaired ejaculation, nasal stuffiness, & GI disturbances.(Side effects) Monitor pulse at & BP, edema, sexual dysfunction, & give with meals to reduce GI distress |
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Term
Alpha-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers
Phentolamine(Regitine), Prazosin(Minipress) & Terazosin(Hytrin) |
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Definition
| Blocks effect of norepinephrine, causing vasodilation. Side effects: reflex tachycardia, palpations, headache, dizziness, drowiness,& nausea. Severe orthostatic HTN may occur with first dose or increased dose. Monitor BP, pulse. Advise patient that most effects diminish overtime. First or decreased dose at bedtime |
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Term
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers
Proranlol(Inderal) & Atenolol(Terormin) |
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Definition
| Decrease cardiac stimulation. Side effects: bradycardia, fatigue, drowiness, depression, hypoglycemia, bronchial constriction. Monitor pulse, BP, respirations, emotional status, patients with asthma for dyspnea, diabetics for low blood glucose. |
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Term
Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine(Apresoline) |
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Definition
| Relax vascular smooth muscle, causing vasodilation. Side effects: reflex tachycardia, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, & hypotension. Monitor pulse & BP |
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers Verapamil(Calan), Nefedipine(Procardia), Diltiazem(Cardizem) |
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Definition
| Decrease force of cardiac contraction & dilate peripheral blood vessels. Side effects: bradycardia, flushing, dizziness, headache. Monitor pulse. Elevate legs when sitting to reduce edema. |
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Term
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril(Capoten, Enalapril(Vasotec) |
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Definition
| Reduce aldosterone secretions & prevent formation of angiotensin 2 decreasing peripheral resistance & fluid volume. Side effects: skin rash, neutropenia, renal failure in patients with renal artery stenosis. Cough Monitor blood cell counts, report changes in urine output. |
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Term
| Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ), Furosemide(Lasix) |
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Definition
| Side effects: fluid volume deficit, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, expect with potassium sparing diuretics. Monitor fluid balance, hydration, urine output, mental status, muscle tone, recommend foods high in potassium |
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Term
Angiotensin 2 receptor antagonists
Losartan(Cozaar), Valsartan( Diovan) |
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Definition
| Blocks action of angiotensin 2, vasodilkation,reduce blood volume by excretion of water & salt. Side effect: dizziness. Monitor safety precautions |
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Term
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Definition
| cardiac output, & peripheral vascular resistance |
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Term
| Primary risk factors for hypertension |
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Definition
| dyslipidemia, obesity, atherosclerosis, tobacco use, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, age, & family history of early heart disease. |
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