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Nursing Research
Ch. 4
31
Nursing
Professional
06/06/2011

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Term
Research reports
Definition
describe what was studied, how it was studied, and what was found
Term
IMRAD format
Definition
quantitative journal articles (and many qualitative ones) typically follow this conventional organization; Introduction, Method, Results, and Discussion
Term
Abstract
Definition
a brief description of the study placed at the beginning of the article; about 100-150 words
Term
Findings
Definition
these are presented in the results section and are obtained from an analysis of the study data
Term
Statistical test
Definition
a procedure for testing researchers' hypotheses and estimating the probability that the results are right
Term
Statistically significant
Definition
when these results are reported, it means the findings are probably true and replicable with a new sample
Term
Level of significance
Definition
an index of how probable it is that the findings are reliable
Term
Critique
Definition
a careful and objective appraisal of a study's strengths and limitations
Term
Inference
Definition
a conclusion drawn from the study evidence based on the methods used to generate that evidence
Term
Scientific merit
Definition
criteria used by quantitative researchers to assess the quality of a study
Term
Reliability
Definition
refers to the accuracy and consistency of information obtained in a study
Term
Statistical reliablity
Definition
refers to the probability that the same results would be obtained with a completely new sample of subjects
Term
Validity
Definition
a more complex concept that broadly concerns the soundness of the study's evidence and the degree of inferential support
Term
Trustworthiness
Definition
encompasses several different dimensions-credibility, transferability, confirmability, dependability, and authenticity
Term
Credibility
Definition
achieved to the extent that the research methods engender confidence in the truth of the data and in the researchers' interpretations of (and inferences from) the data
Term
Triangulation
Definition
the use of multiple sources or referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth
Term
Bias
Definition
an influence that produces an error in an estimate or an inference
Term
Random bias
Definition
bias that is haphazard and affects only small segments of the data
Term
Systematic bias
Definition
results when the bias is consistent or uniform
Term
Research control
Definition
typically involves holding constant influences on the dependent variable so that the true relationship between the independent and dependent variables can be understood
Term
Confounding (extraneous) variables
Definition
contaminating factors
Term
Mediating variable
Definition
a causal mechanism or an influence
Term
Randomness
Definition
having certain features of the study established by chance rather than by design or researcher preference
Term
Masking
Definition
used in many quantitative studies to prevent biases stemming from awareness
Term
blinding
Definition
used in lieu of masking to describe concealment strategies
Term
Single-blind study
Definition
when masking is used with only some of the participants involved in the study (e.g., the study participants)
Term
Double-blind study
Definition
masking two groups within a study (e.g., those delivering an intervention and those receiving it)
Term
Reflexivity
Definition
the process of reflecting critically on teh self, and of analyzing and making note of personal values that could affect data collection and interpretation
Term
Generalizability
Definition
the criterion used in quantitative studies to assess the extent to which the findings can be applied to other groups and settings
Term
Transferability
Definition
the extent to which qualitative findings can be transferred to other settings, as another aspect of a study's trustworthiness
Term
Thick description
Definition
refers to a rich and thorough description of the research setting and of observed transactions and processes
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