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| specifies in advance how participants are to be selected and how many to include |
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| the entire aggregation of cases in which a researcher is interested |
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| characteristics specified by researchers that delimit the study population |
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| the entire population in which a researcher is interested |
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| composed of cases from the target population that are accessible to the researcher as study participants |
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| the process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire population |
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| a subset of population elements |
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| one whose main characteristics closely approximate those of the population |
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| the systemic overrepresentation of underrepresentation of some segment of the population in terms of a characteristic relevant to the research question |
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| researchers select elements by nonrandom methods |
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| entails using the most conveniently available people as participants; the weakest form of sampling, and also the most commonly used sampling method |
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| a variant of convenience sampling |
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Definition
| research identify population strata and determine how many participants as needed from each stratum |
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| involves recruiting all of the people from an accessible population who meet the eligibility criteria over a specific time interval, or for a specified sample size |
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| based on the belief that researchers' knowledge about the population can be used to hand-pick sample members |
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| involves the random selection of elements from a population |
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| process is one in which each element in the population has an equal, independent chance of being selected |
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| the most basic probability sampling design |
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| in simple random sampling, the technical name for the list of population elements |
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| Stratified random sampling |
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Definition
| the population is first divided into two or more strata; subdivides the population into subsets from which elements are selected at random |
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| a successive random sampling of units |
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| the successive stages in cluster sampling |
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| involves the selection of every kth case from a list; can be applied in a way that an essentially random sample is drawn |
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| the standard distance between the selected elements |
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| refers to differences between population values and sample values |
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| the number of subjects in a sample |
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| a method in which researchers can estimate how large their samples should be to adequately test their research hypothesis |
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| likely to be used when researchers need to have potential participants come forward and identify themselves |
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| relies on the nominations of others already in the sample |
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| additional cases that fit researchers' conceptualizations and strengthen credibility |
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| new cases that do not fit and serve to challenge researchers' interpretations |
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| a method of sampling that is most often used in grounded theory studies |
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| sampling to the point at which no new information is obtained and redundancy is ahcieved |
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| a smaller number of individuals who are highly knowledgeable about the culture and who develop special, ongoing relationships with the researcher; the researcher's main link to the "inside" |
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| the number of people participating in a study relative to the number of people sampled |
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| differences between participants and those who decline to participate |
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Definition
| one resulting from the identification and use of study participants who can best supply information according to the conceptual requirements of the study |
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