Term
What are the main features of the esophagus?
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Definition
| Has sphincters, alkaline mucosa, muscle walls, food passage by peristaltic waves |
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Term
| inflammation of the esophagus is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the etiology of esophagitis? |
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Definition
| acid re-flux, monilial infection, herpes virus, ingestion of posions |
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Term
| what are the clinical manifestations of esophagitis? |
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Definition
Heart burn, regurgitation of acid chyme, upper abdominal pain soon after eating.
Dysphagia, weight loss, aspiration pneumonia |
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Term
| herniation of a portion of the stomach into the chest through |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main etiolgy of hiatal hernia? |
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Definition
Muscle weakness is the primary factor
- loss of muscle tone in middle age
- loss of muscle tone after a long illness
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Term
| Clinical maninfestations of hiatal hernia |
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Definition
asymptomatic especiallyu the rolling type
substernal discomfort and regurgitation after eating especially in elderly and obese women
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Term
| what does the hiatal hernia interfere with |
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Definition
| the normal protective mechanism of the cardiac or lower esophegeal sphincter |
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Term
| what are the risk factors for esophagus cancer |
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Definition
malnutrition, reflux esophagitis, sliding hernia, alcohol, and smoking = 2 biggest risks
1% incidence |
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Term
| what are the clinical manifestations of esophagus cancer? |
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Definition
- progressive dysphagia over 6-8 mo. may be accompianed by a steady chest pain
- obstruction = tumor
- weight loss and impaired nutrition
- hemorrhage and sepsis from ulcerating tumor
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Term
| what are the main functions of the stomach? |
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Definition
- motor function- no asorbtion
- digestive secretory function
- gastrin synthesis and release
- digestion of proteins begin
- intrinsic factor for Vit B12 absorbtion
- Mucous secreation
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Term
| what is inflammaion of the stomach called? |
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Definition
Gastritis
2 types of gastritis
acute and chronic |
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Term
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Definition
erosion of the surface epitheilium caused by local irritants such as alcohol and drugs...is self eliminating
represents the stomachs response to irritants |
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Term
| clinical mainfestations of acute gastritus |
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Definition
- epigastric pain
- nausea, vomiting, anorexia, belching
- may have hematemesis and or melena
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Term
| Thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall, cause UNKNOWN, may result in decreased production if HCL,pepsin and intrinsic factor |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical Manifestations of chronic Gastritis? The determining factor that acute Gastritis doesn't have? |
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Definition
| Determining factor = vitamin B12 deficit all other symptoms are the same as acute |
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Term
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Definition
| Defects in the GI mucosa that penetrate the muscularis |
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Term
| Where do peptic ulcers occur |
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Definition
| Primary in stomach, lower Esophagus, and duodenum |
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Term
| What are peptic ulcer causative factors in gastric regin |
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Definition
| Aspirin, alcohol, bile salts, that alter gastric mucosa |
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Term
| When the gastric mucosa is altered, what occurs |
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Definition
| Histamine is liberated which stimulate further acid and pepsin secretion and increased capillary permeability |
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Term
| What type of ulcer causes pain at night? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a client comes in complaint of abdominal pain and has had weight loss, what ulcer do u suspect |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of ulcer starts to hurt approximately 2hrs after eating |
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Definition
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Term
| Risk factors for stomach cancer |
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Definition
| Genetic predispose, consumption of preservation or smoked meats, H pylori infection, nitrate preservation |
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Term
| Clinical Manifestations of stomach cancer |
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Definition
| Insidious and asymptomatic, weight loss, ab pain, anorexia, vomiting, Dysphagia, change in bowel habits, anemia, and malaise, metastases to liver |
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Term
| Clinical Manifestations of chrons disease, IBS, or regional enteritis |
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Definition
| Mild intermittent diarrhea, colicky LQP, N,V, A = same as other GI symptoms, low grade fever |
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Term
| Complications of chrons disease |
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Definition
| Stenosis with obstruction m perforated, ulcers, access, fistula |
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Term
| Periumbilical pain indicates that shifts to RLQ |
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Definition
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Term
TYPES
Types of intestinal obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
| What intestinal obstruction is caused by blockage |
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Definition
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Term
| Peristalsis inhibited due to trauma to the autnomic ns, what type of obstruction |
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Definition
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Term
| Outpouching if intestinal mucosa |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 types of gallstones |
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Definition
| Cholesterol and pigmented |
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Term
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Definition
| Develop when normally soluble component of bile become supersaturated and precipitation |
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Term
| What are the 4 F's of gallstones risks |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes decreased ECF with intestinal obstruction |
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Definition
| Rising intraluminal pressures |
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