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Nursing in Professional Development
Certification exam
91
Nursing
Professional
01/20/2014

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Kolb's Learning Style
Definition
[image]
Term
Cultural Influences
Definition

Degree of assimilation:  React by adapting- Try

 

Acculturation:  How to adapt with blending- Do

 

Assertion:  My way or highway- Forget It

Term
Domains of Learning
Definition

Cognitive

 

Psychomotor

 

Affective

Term

Cognitive Domain

 

6 Types

Definition

Knowledge:  Learn it

 

Comprehension:  Understand it

 

Application:  Do it

 

Analysis:  Pick it apart

 

Synthesis:  Put back together

 

Evaluation:  Evaluate it

Term

Knowledge Level

 

Words

Definition

Foundation


Action verbs:

Devine, Repeat, Record, List, State

 

Strategies:

Lecture, Visuals, Video, Audio, Examples, Illustrations,  Analogies

 

Term
Comprehension Level
Definition

How and Why

 

Action Verbs:

Translate, Restate, Discuss, Describe, Recognize, 

Explain, Express, Identify

 

Strategies:

Questions, Discussion, Review, Test, Assessment, 

Learner Presentations, Writing

Term
Application Level
Definition

How to use knowledge


Action verbs:

Interpret, Apply, Use, Demonstrate, Illustrate,Schedule, Operate, Shop, Sketch

 

Strategies:

Exercises, Practice, Demonstrations, Projects, Sketches, Simulations, Role play

Term
Analysis Level
Definition

Separation of concepts or information into parts


Action Verbs:

Distinguish, analyze, differentiate, compare, contrast, criticize, diagram, debate, relate

 

Strategies:

Debate, problems, exercises, case studies, critical incidents, discussion, questions

 

Term
Synthesis Level
Definition

Put it together

 

Action Verbs:

Compose, plan, design, formulate, construct, create, organize, prepare, manage

 

Strategies:

Projects, porblems, case studies, creative exercies, develop plans, simulations

Term
Evaluation Level
Definition

Let instructor know if they have learned enough to get by

 

Action verbs:

Judge, appraise, evaluate, rate, value, revise, select, assess, measure

 

Strategies:

Case studies, projects, exercises, critiques, simulations, appraisals

Term

Psychomotor Domain

 

Types

Definition

 

Imitation:  Repeating an act that has been demonstrated or explained, includes tiral and error.

 

Manipulation:  Skill or sequence is practiced to habit, still unsure of self.


Precision:  Skill has been attained, proficient.


Articulation:  Higher level of presision, modify movement to meet a problem situation.


Naturalization:  Response is automatic.  May experiment.  Muscle memory.

Term

Psychomotor Domain

 

Verbs and Strategies

Definition

 

Action verbs:  

Select, point to, show, adjust, assemble, do, draw, control demonstrate

 

Strategies:

Videos, demonstrations, discussion, practice sessions, skills lab

Term

Affective Domain

 

Types

Definition

Receiving pnenomena:  Willingness to receive or to attend to particular phenomena or stimuli (Emotional awareness)

 

Responding to pnenomena:  Active participation to seek stimuli out and gain satisfaction from working with or engaging in it (Emotional involvement)

 

Valuing:  Commitment tot he underlying worth or value guiding the behavior (Emotional attachment)

 

Organization of values:  How the value relates to those already held or to new ones being considered (Emotional priority)

 

Internalizing values:  Internalization of values to the point that behavior is consistent for personal, social, and emotional adjustment (Emotional integration- commitment)

Term

Affective Domain

 

Verbs and Strategies

Definition

Action Verbs:

Describe, recognize, comply, respond, demonstrate, initiate, justify, defend, influence

 

Strategies:

Case studies, role playing, videos, questons, reflective journals

 

See Me

Mom's Infection Story

Term
Formative Evaluation
Definition
Checked as you progress
Term
Summative Evaluation
Definition
Evaluation at the end
Term

Evaluation Types

 

Norm-referenced

Definition

Grade on a curve

 

Compare individual to group performance

Term

Evaluation Types

 

Criterion-referenced

Definition

Just a grade (BLS)

 

Compare individual with predetermined criteria

Term

Evaluation Types

 

Competency-Based

Definition

Compare individual performance to standars critical for safe performance

 

BDR- VF/T

Term
CIPP Model of Evaluation
Definition
Context of the programme 
Input into the programme
Process within the programme
Product of the programme
 
[image]
Term
RSA Model of Evaluation
Definition

 

1. Process evaluation: general happiness with the learning experience


2. Content evaluation: change in knowledge, affect, or skill on completion of a learning experience


3. Outcome evaluation: changes in practice on a clinical unit after a learning experience.


4. Impact evaluation – organizational results attributable in part to learning


5. Total program evaluation – congruence of program goals and accomplishments 

 
RSA focus is individual and organization
Term

Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation

 

First Level

Definition

Reaction

 

Basic

Likert scale

AIDET

Pt Satisfaction

 

Was the learner satisfied?

Term

Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation

 

Second Level

Definition

Learning

 

Content

 

Tests

Return demonstration

Essays

 

 

Did the learner learn?

Term

Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation

 

Third Level

Definition

 

Behavior

 

Learning transfer

Observation

Chart audits

 

Did the learning stick?

 

 

Term

Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluation

 

Fourth Level

Definition

 

Results

 

Effect/Impact

 

Patient satisfaction

Complaince

 

Did the program make a difference?

Term

System's Theory

 

 

Definition

 

Framework for scope and standars

 

Inputs--  Learner and NPD Specialist

 

Throughputs-- Competencies, orientation, inservices, CE, research

 

Outputs--  Learning, change, growth, results

Term
Alspach 5 F's for Prioritization
Definition
  1. Fatal- failure to do could result in injury or death.
  2. Fundamental-  Essential to professional definition of job.
  3. Frequent-  Must be done many times.
  4. Fixed- Must be accomplished within a specific time period.
  5. Facility-  Aspect of job as required by the organization.
Term
Components of an objective
Definition

 

Learner--  Who

 

Condition-- items can use

 

Action- pass

 

Criterion- with 100%


Must always align with the Strategic Plan of the organization

Term
5 P's of Marketing
Definition

 

 

Product

Place

Price

Promotion

Participants

Term
Fixed Cost Definition
Definition
Do not change with volume of business
Term
Variable costs Definition
Definition
Vary in proportion with change in volume
Term
Direct costs definition
Definition
Monies actually spent  on the education activity; out of pocket expenses
Term
Indirect costs definition
Definition
Salary and benefits of employees, administrative support, space; overhead expenses
Term
Commercial relationships
Definition

If outside agency is supporting, may not influence the program in any way.

 

May give grant.

Term

Return On Investment

 

Calculation

Definition

 

 

Cost-benefit ratio=  Program benefits/Program costs

 

Net Program benefit- Progrm benefits-program costs

 

ROI= Net program benefits/program costs x 100

 

Term
Functions of the NPD Specialty
Definition

 

8 functions

 

Orientation

inservice

competency management

clinical affiliations

preceptor development

continuing education

research and scholarship

facilitation of role transition

Term
Project Management Processes
Definition

 

Initiation

Planning

Execution

Control

Closeout

Term
RACI Chart
Definition

 

Like heart chart

 

clarifying roles and responsibilities

 

[image]

Term
Cause and effect diagram
Definition

Fishbone chart

 

Graphical technique for grouping people's ideas about the causes of a problem

 

[image]

Term
Pert Chart
Definition

Used to schedule organize, and coordinate tasks within a project

 

Stands for:  Program evaluation review technique

 

Complex GANT chart 

[image]

Term
Gantt Chart
Definition

Graphical representation of duraton of tasks against progression of time

Helps to monitor progress

 

[image]

Term
Event Chain Diagram
Definition

Visualization that shows the relationships between events and tasks and how the events affect each other.

 

[image]

Term
Run Chart
Definition

Simply a through-time plot of data without control limits

 

[image]

Term

Communication- Negotiation

 

Adversaries

Definition
Low agreement, low trust
Term

Communication- Negotiation

 

Opponents

Definition
Low agreement, high trust
Term

Communication- Negotiation

 

Allies

Definition

 

High agreement, high trust

Term

Communication- Negotiation

 

Bedfellows

Definition
High agreement, low trust
Term

Team-building

 

Group Dynamics

 

Stages

Definition

Forming

Storming

Norming

Performing

Adjourning

 

Not always in order

Term
Organizational Considerations For NPD Specialist
Definition

Culture of organization

Organizational Dynamics

Mission

Vision

Values

Goals

Purpose

 

Term
SWOT analysis for mission, vision, and values statement
Definition

Strengths

Weakness

Opportunities

Threats

Term
Roles of NPD
Definition

Educator

Facilitator

Change agent

Consultant

Researcher

Leader

Mentor

 

Term
Consultation Process
Definition

Contracting

Engaging

Disengaging

Term
Thomas-Kilman Conflict Mode Instrument
Definition

[image]

 

Competing

Avoiding

Accomodating

Compromising

Collaborating

Term

Change Theory

Lewin

Definition

Most Noted

 

Unfreezing-  Look at what needs changing

Moving or change- How provide information and support to help change

Refreezing-  Get back to equillibrium

Term

Change Theory

 

Rogers

Definition

Four Phases

 

Impart knowledge

Persuade

Decide based on data and pilot study

Implement change on a wide scale

Confirm adoption

Term

Change Theory

 

Lippitt

Definition

Seven phases

Diagnose problem

Assess motivation and capacity to change.

Assess change agent's motivation and resources

Select progressive change objective

Choose appropriate role for change agent

Maintain change

Gradually terminate helping relationship

 

More on role of NPD or chang eagent

 

Based on Levine

Term

Change Theory

 

Appreciative Inquiry

 

 

Definition

Discovery

Dream

Design

Destiny

Term

Evidence-Based Practice

 

How to formulate clinical questions

Definition

PICO

 

Population

Intervention

Comparison

Outcomes

Term

Evidence-Based Practice

 

Hierarchy of evidence:

 

Evaluation of:

Definition

Level 1- Systematic review or meta-analysis of relevant trials or EBG

Level 2- Evidence from at least one well0designed clinical trial

Level 3- Well-designed control trial w/o randomization

Level 4- Well-designed case study

Level 5- Systematic review of studies

Level 6- Evidence from one study

Level 7- Expert Opinion

Term

Research

 

Process

Definition

Identify the problem

Research Design

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Interpret results

Term
Types of research
Definition

Descriptive

Experimental

Qualitative

Quantitative

Term

Quantitative Data Analysis

 

Nominal Definition

Definition

Number Classify characteristics

 

Morse Scale

Term

Quantitavie Data Analysis

 

Ordinal Definition

Definition

Rank ordered

 

Pain Scale

Term

Quantitative Data Analysis

 

Interval Definition

Definition

Distance of attributes, not magnitude

 

Likert

Term

Quantitative Data Analysis

 

Ratio Definition

Definition

Meaningful zero, rank order, distance of attributes and absolute magnitude

 

Height and Weight

Term

Learning Theories

Behavior Learning Theory

Definition

All behavior is learned through incentives or punishments

 

Pavlauv Dog

 

Educator's Role:  Arrange the environment, including the rie forcement, to produce desired behavior change and eliminate undesirable behavior

Term

Learning Theories

Cognitive 

Definition

Active process

reorganizing information into new insights or understanding

Recognizing the learninr's past experiences, perceptions, ways of processing information and social influences that affect any learning situation is the focus of the educator

Needs Assessment

 

Educator's Role:  consider available information about the learners when organizing and presenting the educational content

Term

Learning Theory

Social 

Definition

Combines principles from behavioral cognitive theories to propose  that learning occurs in the context os social situations

 

Learning is a social process

 

Nurse Residency Program

 

Educator's Role:  Act as an exemplary role model and select socially healthy exeriences for learners to observe

Term

Learning Theory

Psychodynamic 

Definition

emphasized emotion and the importance of both conscious and unconscious forces in guiding behavior

 

Emotion

 

Educator's Role:  Work with learners to make unconscious motivations conscious and support the development of ego strength

Term

Learning Theory

Humanistic 

Definition

Each person is unituqe, autonomous, and wants to grow i a positive way

 

Do it your self

 

Educator Role:  Facilitate learning, not to serve as the source of all information

Term

Learning Theory

Multiple Intelligences Theory

Definition

Combines Theory

bodily inesthetic, visual-spatial, verbal-lingquistic, logical0mathematical, musical-rhythmic, interpesonal, intrapersonal and naturalist

 

Educator role:  use knowledge of learners' profiles and/or the intelligences themselves to design meaningful learning experiences

Term

Benner's Novice to Expert Model

 

Novice

 

Advanced Beginner

 

Competent

 

Proficient

 

Expert

Definition

Novice:  0-6 months- learner has limited background and experience so rules govern behavior

 

Advanced Beginner:  6 months- 2 years- The learner has some experience but still needs extensive guidance.

 

Competent:  2-3 years- learner has a sense of mastery and is able to eprform adequately on a day-to-day basis unless ajor variations occur

 

Proficient:  4-5 years- learner perceives global aspects of situations, recognizes variations, and knows how to modify poans appropriately

 

Expert:  5-7 years- learner intuitively grasps each sittuation and problem-solves creatively and effectively

Term
5 steps of EBP
Definition

Step 1:  formulate the buring question (hypothesis)

PICO Format

Population, intervention of interest, comparison intervention or status, and outcome

ex.  In new grad RN (population), does and RN residency (intervention) vs standard orientation (comparison) increase retention and recruitment (outcomes)?

 

Step 2:  Search for best evidence from a hierarchy of evidence

 

Step 3:  Conduct a critical review of evidence

 

Step 4:  Integrate the evidence with the provider's expertise, assessment of the patient, available, resourcesand the patient's preferences

 

Step 5:  Evaluate the effective ness of the Evidenced based intervention in meeting the desired outcome

 

Term
Sources of evidence for EBP
Definition

Literature

Databases:  Cochrane/PubMed/CINAHL/QSEN/ERIC/PsycInfo/National guidlines Clearning house

Reliable resources

expert opinion

best practices

Term
Preceptor program should include
Definition

Preceptor roles and responsiblities

Reality shock theory

Adult education principles

Socialization principles

Eucation Process

Teaching strageties

Effective communication and feedback techniques

Problem solving and conflict management

Values and cultural impract on the preceptor-preceptee relationship

Documentation requirements

 

Term
Objectives should include:
Definition
  • One expected behavior
  • an action verb
  • audience (who)
  • behavior (what)
  • cndition (how)
  • degree of attainment (how well)
Term
Motivating participants and keeping their attention
Definition
  • ARCS model of motivational design
  • Attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction
    • Sustain listeners' intereste (attention)
    • Make presentation relevant and satisfying (relevance)
    • Instill confidence; success encourages the learner to proceed (confidence)
    • Leave satisfied after a learning goal has been achieved (satisfaction)
Term

Types of Evaluation

Competency Based Evaluation

Criterion-referenced

Norm-referenced

Formative

Summative

Program

Definition

Competency based:  Assessment of a nurse's demonstrated ability to staisfactorily achieve specific behaviors essential to the role of the nurse and requirements of the job.

 

Criterion-reference:  Present criteria; BLS written; NT written

 

Norm-reference:  grade on curve; comparing the learner to others in a group

 

Formative:  Evaluation that takes place during the learning activity and is used to alter content or methods of teaching;  milestone meetings

 

Summative:  Evaluation that occurs after the activity; NT eval; certification

 

Program:  overall program; post oak orientation

Term
Project Management vs Program Management
Definition

Project- had an end

Programs have no end

Term
Consultant Roles and Responsibilities
Definition

Observer/fact-finder/expert

Change agent, facilitator

Educator/counselor

Confidant/sounding board

Couch/motivator/mentor

Term
Consultation Process
Definition

Gaining entry

Problem identitificaton

Action Plan

Evaluation

Disengagement

 

Term
Coaching includes:
Definition

Remediation

Career development

clinical advancement

Term

Quality improvement models

Focus/PDSA

Definition
  • Find a process to improve
  • Organize a team
  • Clarify current knowledge of the process
  • Understand sources of process variation
  • Select the process improvement
  • Plan
  • Do
  • Study or Check
  •  Act
Term

Quality improvement models

Process

Definition
  • Plan a purpose, team, and project scope
  • Research the current situation
  • Organize data and do a gap analysis
  • Create and try improvement
  • Evaluate trial results
  • Standardize the process
  • Start Over
Term

Quality improvement models

FADE

Definition
  • Focus on a stratigic process to be improved
  • Analyze data to understand the current process or identify root causes of variation
  • Develop data-based action plans
  • Execute action plans with ongoing monitoring
Term

Research

Sampling Techniques

Definition

Simple Random-  table of random numbers to ensure that each unit in the population has an equal and indenpendent change of being selected

 

Stratified random-  divides the population into strata based on the saple criteria, then draws a predetermined number from each gruop using random sampling techniques

 

Cluster-  involves repeated rondom sampling progressing from large to small units over two or more stages (eg choosing a selection of samples from home health agencies, then selecting a sample of nurse case managers in home health agencies)

 

Nonprobability (convenience)-  reflects selction without the use of random selection

Convenience- a minimum number of suject or time frame is determines and everyone who meets the criteria is invited to participate

Quota-  divide the sample ito groups are identified, and then convenience sampline is used to fill the quota in each group.

Systematic- selection of every nth number of the avilable population, after beginning with a random start

Network sampling- an individual or group meeting the sample criteria id identifies, and the first and each subsequent member of the sample are asked to provde names of ther individuals meeting the sample criteria

Term

Research Process

Data Analysis

 

Qualitative vs Quantitative

Definition

Qualitative- Verbal Narrative

Types:

Nominal- Mutually exclusive variables are organized into categories that canno be compared--gender or marital status

Ordinal- categories are ranked by the interval between rankings and are not necessarily equal such as levels of pain or educational levels

Interval- equal numberical distances exist between variables, such as a1-5 rating scale

Ratio-  highest measurement form expressing continuum of values with an absolute zero such as weight

Term
2009 Magnet Model has five component parts
Definition
  • Transformational leadership
  • structural empowerment
  • exemplary professional practic
  • new knowledge, iovation, and implementation
  • empirical outcomes
Term

Index of professional nursing governance (IPNG)

 

Definition

a respected measure of professional nursing governance of hospital based nurses

Measurement tool includes

 

  • 88 item index
  • six dimensions of shared governance
    • Professional control
    • organization influence
    • organizational recognition
    • facilitating atributes
    • liaison
    • alignment
Term

Critical Thinking Framework as a part of

Domains of Learning

Definition

Skills

Analysis

Interpretation

Inerences

Explanation

Self-regulation

Concept mapping=  enables providers to see the relationship between what they are thinking and how it relates to the big picture

 

Graphically depicts a patient situation to identify correlation among diagnosis, data, phathophysiology, medical rders, procedure results, and collaborative interventions to achieve the patient's goals.

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