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NURSING - Chapter 27(Textbook) - Asepsis & Infection Control
Key Terms - Fundamentals of Nursing (6th ed)
27
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
08/28/2009

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Term
aerobic
Definition
requires oxygen to live
Term
anaerobic
Definition
can live without oxygen
Term
antibody
Definition
immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
Term
antigen
Definition
foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
Term
antimicrobial
Definition
antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth
Term
asepsis
Definition
absence or disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection
Term
bacteria
Definition
the most significant and most commonly ovserved infection-causing agent
Term
disinfection
Definition
the process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores
Term
endogenous
Definition
infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life the person himself/herself harbors
Term
exogenous
Definition
infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host
Term
fungi
Definition
plant-like organisms (molds & yeasts) that can cause infection
Term
healthcare-associated infection
Definition
an infection that was not present upon admission to the hospital and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)
Term
host
Definition
an animal or person on or within which microorganisms live
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure
Term
infection
Definition
disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
Term
isolation
Definition
protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques
Term
medical asepsis
Definition
practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
Term
nosocomial
Definition
something originating or taking place in the hospital (ie, infection)
Term
pathogens
Definition
disease-producing microorganism
Term
reservoir
Definition
natural habitat for the growth and multiplication or microorganisms
Term
standard precautions
Definition
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
Term
sterilization
Definition
the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed
Term
surgical asepsis
Definition
practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique
Term
transmission-based precautions
Definition
CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions
Term
vector
Definition
nonhuman carriers, such as mosquitoes, ticks and lice that transmit organisms from one host to another
Term
virulence
Definition
ability to produce disease
Term
virus
Definition
smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope
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