Term
advantages of hospital bsed birth settings |
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Definition
preregistration, easy access to sophisticated services/specialized personnel, family centered care is provided |
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Term
advantages of freestanding birth centers |
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Definition
homelike setting(for low risk women), lower costs, |
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Term
disadvatages of free standing birth centers |
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Definition
a slight but significant delay in emergency care |
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Term
advantages of a home birth |
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Definition
control over persons who will/will not be present, no risk of acquiring pathogens from other pts, low technology birth(important to some families) |
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Term
disadvantages of home birth |
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Definition
limited choice of birth attendents(physicians, midwives etc.), significant delay in reaching emergency care, no preestablished relationship with physician should an emergency arise |
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Term
contraindications for home birth |
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Definition
previous cesarean section, malpresentaiton, multiple gestation, primipara, gestational age >40 wks |
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Term
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Definition
power, passage, passengers, psyche |
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Term
factors that infuluence the progress of labor |
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Definition
preparation, position, professional, place, procedures, people, |
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Term
forces that cause the cervix to open and that propel the fetus downward through the birht canal |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uterin contractions and mother's pushing efforts |
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Term
primary powers of labor during the first of the four stages of labor |
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Definition
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Term
uterine contractions are involuntary _ contractions |
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Definition
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Term
intesnsity and effectiveness of contractions are influenced by |
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Definition
walking, drugs, maternal anxiety and vaginal examinations |
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Term
contractions simultaneously _ the fetus _ as they _ the cervix O |
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Definition
push, downward, pull, upward |
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Term
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Definition
increment, peak (acme), decrement |
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Term
period of increasing strength of contraction |
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Definition
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Term
period of greatest strenght of contraction |
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Definition
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Term
the period of decreasing strenght of contraction |
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Definition
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Term
contractions are also described by their average: |
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Definition
frequency, duration, intensity and interval |
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Term
the elapsed time from the beginning of one contraction until the beginning of the next contraction |
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Definition
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Term
frequency is described in: |
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Definition
minutes and fractions of minutes |
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Term
the elapsed time from the benning of a contraction until the end of the same contraction |
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Definition
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Term
duration is described as the: |
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Definition
average number of seconds contractions last |
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Term
persistent contraction durations longer than _ seconds may reduce fetal o2 supply and should be reported |
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Definition
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Term
the approximate strenght of the contraction |
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Definition
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Term
fundus is easily indented with the fingertips |
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Definition
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Term
with mild contractions fundus feels similar to the |
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Definition
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Term
fundus can be indented with the finger tips but with mor difficulty |
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Definition
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Term
with moderate contractions, the fundus of the uterus feels similar to the |
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Definition
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Term
fundus cannot be readily indented with the fingertips |
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Definition
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Term
with firm contractions the fundus of the uterus feels similar to the |
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Definition
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Term
the amount of thime the uterus relaxes between contractions |
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Definition
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Term
persistenc contraction intervals shorter than _ seconds may reduce fetal o2 supply |
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Definition
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Term
the passag consists of _ of her pelvis and perineum |
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Definition
mother's bony pelvis and soft tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
upper flaring part of pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
fetus, placenta, amniotic membranes and amniotic fluid |
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Term
composed of several bones separtaed by strong connective tissu |
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Definition
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Term
diamond shaped area formed by the intersection of four sutures |
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Definition
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Term
two fontanelles that are important in obstetrics |
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Definition
anterior and posterior fontanelle |
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Term
a tiny triangular depression formed by the intersection of three sutures |
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Definition
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Term
main tranverse diameter of the fetal head |
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Definition
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Term
is measured between the pointes of two parietal bones on each side of the head |
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Definition
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Term
describes how the fetus is oriented to the mother's spine |
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Definition
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Term
most common fetal orientation |
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Definition
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Term
fetus is parallel to the mother's spine |
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Definition
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Term
fetus is at a right angle to the mother's spine |
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Definition
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Term
transverse lie may also be called |
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Definition
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Term
fetuoblique lie s is between a longitudinal liek and transverse lie |
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Definition
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Term
the fetal atttitude is normally one of |
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Definition
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Term
refers to the fetal part that enters the pelvis first |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
fetal head is fully flexed |
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Definition
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Term
vertex presentation is most favorable because the _ of the head enters the pelvis |
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Definition
smallest possible diameter |
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Term
fetal head is partly extended, logest diameter of the fetal head is presenting |
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Definition
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Term
brow presentation is unstable and tends to convert to |
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Definition
vertex or face presentation |
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Term
different breech presentations |
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Definition
frank, full/complete, footling breech |
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Term
fetal legs are flexed at the hips and extend toward the shoulders |
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Definition
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Term
buttocks present at the cervis |
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Definition
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Term
most common breech presentation |
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Definition
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Term
a reversal of the cephalic presentation with flexion of the head and extremities |
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Definition
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Term
both feet and buttocks present at the cervis |
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Definition
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Term
one or both feet are present fierst at the cervix |
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Definition
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Term
term is used to describe how the head is oriented if the fetus is in the cephalic vertex presentation |
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Definition
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Term
term is used to descbribe how a fetus in a breech presentation is oriented within the pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
braxton hicks contractions, lightening and increased vaginal discharge, cervical changes, bloody show, rupture of membrames, energy spurt, weight loss |
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Term
occurs when the fetus settles into the pelvic inlet and the fundus no longer presses on the diaphragm |
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Definition
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Term
as labor progresses the cervix becomes |
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Definition
soft and significantly shortened |
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Term
thick mucus mixed with pink or dark brown blood |
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Definition
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Term
required for all other mechanisms of labor to occcur and for the infant to be born |
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Definition
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Term
describes the level of the presenting part |
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Definition
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Term
_stations are above the ischial spine |
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Definition
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Term
_stations are below the ischial spine |
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Definition
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Term
occurs when the presenting part reaches the level of the ischial spines of the mother's pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
when to go to the hospital |
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Definition
contractions, ruptured membranes, bleeding other than bloody show, decreased fetal movement, any other concern |
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Term
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Definition
sitting on one buttock, making grunting sounds, bearing down with contractions, stating the baby's coming, bulgin of the perineum or the fetal presenting part becoming visible |
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Term
nursing care before birth |
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Definition
monitoring the fetus, monitoring the laboring woman, helping woman cope with labor |
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Term
goal of fetal monitoring is to enable early detection of |
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Definition
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Term
FHR should be monitored every _ in the active first stage of labor and every _ in the second stage, preferably before and after a _ |
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Definition
30 minutes, 15 minutes, contraction |
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Term
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Definition
baseline rate, baseline variabilty, episodic changes and periodic changes |
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Term
transient changes in the FHR that are not associated with uterin contractions |
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Definition
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Term
transient and brief changes in the FHR that are associated with the uterin contractions such as accelerations and decelerations |
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Definition
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Term
the average FHR that occurs for at least 2 minutes during a 10 minute period and is averaged over 30 minutes |
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Definition
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Term
occurs when the FHR is less than 11 beats/min for 10 minutes or longer |
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Definition
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Term
causes of fetal bradycardia can include |
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Definition
fetal hypoxia, maternal hypoglycemia, maternal hypotension, prologned umbilical cord compression |
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Term
When bradycardia is accompanied by loss of _ or by _ immediate intervention is required for a favorable outcome |
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Definition
baseline variability, late decelerations |
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Term
a baseline FHR greater than 160 beates/min that lasts 2 to 10 minutes or longer |
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Definition
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Term
fetal tachycardia can be caused by |
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Definition
maternal fever or maternal dehydration |
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Term
fetal tachycardia that occurs along with loss of _ requires immediate action |
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Definition
baseline variability or late dacelerations |
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Term
describes fluctuatio or constant changes in the baseline FHR above and below the baseline in a 10 min window |
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Definition
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Term
causes a recording of the FHR to have a sawtooth appearance with alrger, undulations, wavelike movements |
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Definition
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Term
reflection of an intact central nervous system and cardiac status of the fetus |
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Definition
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Term
defined as changes of 6 beats/min to 25 beats/min from baseline FHR |
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Definition
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Term
occurs when there are more than 25 beats of fluctuation over the FHR baseline and it can indicate cord prolapse or maternal hypotension |
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Definition
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Term
moderate variability indicates |
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Definition
good oxygenation of the CNS and fetal well being |
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Term
marked variability can indicate: |
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Definition
cord prolapse or maternal hypotenstion |
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Term
less than 6 beats/min change from baseline for a 10 minute period |
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Definition
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Term
absent variability is usually caused by |
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Definition
uteroplacental insufficiency |
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Term
absent variability can be caused by |
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Definition
maternal hypotension, cord compression, or fetal hypoxia |
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Term
nursing interventions for marked or absent variability |
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Definition
positioning mother on side(right), increasing regular iv flow rate, administering o2 @8-10L by mask |
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Term
changes in the FHR that are not associated with uterine contractions, they are brief and quickly return to baseline |
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Definition
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Term
temp changes in the baseline rate associated with uterin contractions that quickly return to baseline |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
accelerations and decelerations |
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Term
temporary, abrupt rate increases of at least 15 beats/min above the baseline FHR that last 15 sec but less than 2 minutes from onset to return to the baseline |
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Definition
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Term
accelerations suggests a fetus that is |
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Definition
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Term
accelerations are also known as |
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Definition
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Term
an acceleration that lasts 2 to 10 minutes is considered a |
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Definition
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Term
an accelerations that lasts longer than ten minutes may be considered a |
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Definition
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Term
temporary gradual rate decreases during contractions no more than 40 min below baseline |
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Definition
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Term
the peak of deceleration occurs at the same time as |
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Definition
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Term
early decelerations are caused by |
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Definition
compression of the fetal head |
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Term
is considered a reassuring sign of fetal well being |
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Definition
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Term
abrupt decreases of 15 beats/min below baseline lasting 15 seconds to 2 minutes |
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Definition
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Term
variable decelerations suggest |
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Definition
umbulical cord is being compressed |
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Term
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Definition
less than 30 secs, and less than 80 beats below baseline |
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Term
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Definition
more than 80 beats below baseline |
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Term
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Definition
more than 70 beats below baseline for more than 60 seconds |
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Term
begin after the beginning of the contraction and do not return to the baseline FHR until after the contraction ends |
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Definition
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Term
late decelerations suggest |
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Definition
placent is not delivering enough 02 to fetus |
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Term
late decelerations less than 15 beats/min below baseline are a _ response to _ |
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Definition
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Term
late decelerations >45 beats/min below baseline suggest |
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Definition
placental aging or fetal heart depression (ominous sign) |
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Term
late decelerations that are accompanied by _ are nonreassuring and require immediate intervention by the health care provider |
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Definition
decreased and absent variability |
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Term
abrupt FHR decereases of at least 15 beats/min from baseline that last longer than 60 seconds |
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Definition
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Term
prolonged decelerations are caused by an interruption of |
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Definition
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Term
decelerations that occur in more than 50% of uterine contractions within a 20 minute periond |
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Definition
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Term
deceleratiosn that occur in less than 50% of uterine contractiosn within a 20 minute period |
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Definition
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Term
sinosoidal pattern may be caused by a response to medications such as |
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Definition
meperidine, butorphanol, may also be caused by fetal anemia |
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Term
the purpose of FHR monitoring is to assess the adequacy of |
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Definition
oxygenation and uterine activity during labor |
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Term
corrective actions to restor oxygenation to fetus |
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Definition
position changes, administer oxygen, administer IV fluids, correct hypotension, implement measures to reduce uterine activity, implement amnioinfusion, use altered pushing and breathing techniques |
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Term
involves instilling a saline infusion by catheter into the uterine cavity to restor amniotic fluid volume to relieve umbilical cord compression |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
< 5 in a 10 minute period for 30 minutes |
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Term
stage 2 of labor begins when |
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Definition
the cervix is fully dilated |
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Term
neded to assist in blood clotting |
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Definition
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Term
one single does of vitamnin k is injected inot the |
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Definition
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