Term
|
Definition
BOOK: # of deaths from any cause related to or its management during the pregnancy cycle (including the 42-day postpartum period) per 100,000 live births.
PAJO: Death of a woman during pregnancy or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
BOOK: Includes both neonatal and fetal deaths per 1000 live births
PAJO: Sum of fetal & neonatal rates |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Book & Pajo agree on this one:
Death in utero at 20 weeks or more gestation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
BOOK: # of deaths of infants less than 28 days of age per 1000 live births
PAJO: Death rate of infants in first 28 days of life |
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Term
| Leading cause of death for infants in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
| CONGENITAL malformations, deformations, & chromosomal abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| Where does the U.S. rank in Infant Mortality Rates? |
|
Definition
30th among the 31 selected
U.S. infant mortality rate is 6.9 among 1,000 live births |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Book & Pajo same on this one too: # of deaths of infants under 1 year of age (during first 12 months of life) per 1000 live births in a given population |
|
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Term
|
Definition
# of live births per 1000 people.
In 2007, U.S. rate was 14.3 per 1000 |
|
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Term
| Average length of hospital stay for a vaginal birth vs. a cesarean section birth? |
|
Definition
Vaginal Birth: 2 nights
C-Section: 4 nights |
|
|
Term
3 important functions of the
OVARIES: |
|
Definition
1. Produce, mature & dischare OVA
2. Secrete Estrogen & Progesterone
3. Initiate & regulate Menstruation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Organization of nurses committed to the health of women and newborns |
|
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Term
| How many & what are the stages of DUVALL's Marriage & Family Development? |
|
Definition
8 stages:
I - Married couple
II - Childbearing Families with Infants
III - Families with Preschool children
IV - Families with School age children
V - Families with Adolescents
VI - Families launching Young Adults
VII - Middle-aged Parents
VIII - Aging families |
|
|
Term
| What determines the DUVALL family stage a family is in? |
|
Definition
| The age of the eldest child |
|
|
Term
| 2 main reasons for the increase in maternal mortality rate? |
|
Definition
1. Increase in C-Sections
2. HEMORRHAG - risk is esp. high for women who have had several previous c-sections |
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|
Term
OXYTOCIN
1. Produced where?
2. Function (Spec. for breasts)? |
|
Definition
1. Posterior pituitary
2. Milk Ejection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A surge in LH (Luteinizing Hormone) |
|
|
Term
| The Follicular Phase ends in __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Healthy People 2010
Maternal & Infant Health Goals
(6) |
|
Definition
1. Reduction in fetal & infant deaths
2. Increase of maternal prenatal care
3. Reduction in cesarean births
4. Reduce low birth weight & very low birth weight
5. Increase breastfeeding in mothers
6. Increase abstinence from alcohol, cigarettes, drugs among pregnant women |
|
|
Term
| What is the CORPUS OF THE UTERUS comprised of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Parts/Sections of the Uterus |
|
Definition
1. Body
2. Isthmus
3. Cervix |
|
|
Term
3 functions of the
FALLOPIAN TUBES: |
|
Definition
1. TRANSPORT for the ovum from ovary to uterus
2. FERTILIZATION - provides the site for
3. NOURISHMENT - provides nourishing environment for the ovum or zygote (it's warm & moist) |
|
|
Term
GnRH
1. Stands for?
2. Produced where?
3. Responsible for? |
|
Definition
1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone
2. Hypothalamus
3. Stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce FSH & LH (important in puberty for spermatogenesis & maturation of ova) |
|
|
Term
| Where are FSH & LH produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the Primary Source of ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the most common site of FERTILIZATION? |
|
Definition
| AMPULLA of the Fallopian tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inlet, Pelvic Cavity, and Outlet |
|
|
Term
| Which is MOST important for BIRTH, the TRUE or FALSE PELVIS(es?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Function of the FALSE PELVIS |
|
Definition
| Supports the uterus during late months of pregnancy, aids in directing the fetus into the true pelvis for birth |
|
|
Term
| Where/What is the FALSE PELVIS? |
|
Definition
| The shallow cavity above the inlet of the true pelvis (above the linea terminalis) |
|
|
Term
| What divides the False Pelvis from the True Pelvis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common type of Pelvis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 pelvis types are considered INADEQUATE for birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 Pelvis types are considered ADEQUATE for birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
PROLACTIN
1. Produced where?
2. Function (spec. for breasts)? |
|
Definition
1. Anterior Pituitary
2. Milk Production |
|
|
Term
| How is does blood exchange occur between embryo & mother? |
|
Definition
| SELECTIVE OSMOSIS (No direct exchange) |
|
|
Term
| Where does IMPLANTATION usually occur? |
|
Definition
| High on Posterior Uterine Wall |
|
|
Term
| What cells become the PLACENTA after implantation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 phases of the UTERINE CYCLE? |
|
Definition
1. Menstrual
2. Proliferative
3. Secretory
4. Ischemic |
|
|
Term
| A rise in ______ means the beginning of a new cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the ovum viable for after being released into (or gathered up by) the fallopian tube? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sperm is viable how long in the vagina? When is it MOST fertile? |
|
Definition
Viable for 48-72 hours
Most fertile in the first 24 hours |
|
|
Term
| Another name for Implantation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 stages of Fetal Development (& duration of each) |
|
Definition
1. OVUM - Ovulation to Fertilization
2. ZYGOTE - Fertilization to Implantation
3. EMBRYO - day 15 to 8 weeks
4. FETUS - 8 weeks to Birth |
|
|
Term
| What part of the EMBRYO is tested for CONGENITAL Defects/Diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Umbilical Cord made from? |
|
Definition
| AMNION & CHORION (Inner & Outer fetal membranes) |
|
|
Term
| HYDRAMINIOS (OR POLYHYDRAMINIOS) |
|
Definition
| Presence of too much amniotic fluid - more than 2000 mL |
|
|
Term
| What is too little amniotic fluid called? |
|
Definition
| OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS (less than 400 mL) |
|
|
Term
| When is the "True Moment" of Fertilization? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CORPUS LUTEUM
1. What is it?
2. Produces? |
|
Definition
1. The Follicle AFTER ovulation
2. Produces ESTROGEN & PROGESTERONE - so that FSH & LH will be inhibited (thus suppressing new follicular growth) |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the term Assisted Reproductive Technology or ART? |
|
Definition
| Term used to describe any fertility treatment in which both the egg and sperm are handled. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main reason for the resurgence of complementary and alternative therapies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Lack of Regulation and Standardization
2. Lack of Research
3. Inadequate Training and Certification
4. Financial and Health Risks of Unproven Methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A healing system that uses like to cure like. |
|
|
Term
| Naturopathy or natural medicine |
|
Definition
| The central idea is that nature has healing power, and that the human body has the innate power to maintain or return to a state of health - and thus to heal itself. |
|
|
Term
Sex cells =
Sex organs (penis/vagina, etc) = |
|
Definition
Sex cells = gametes
Sex organs = gonads |
|
|
Term
| When is the genetic sex of an embryo determined? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 3 areas of focus of primary care include: |
|
Definition
1. Health Promotion
2. Illness Prevention
3. Individual responsibility for one's own health |
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|
Term
Who would be most qualified to provide prenatal, intrapartal, postpartal, and newborn care for the low-risk childbearing woman?
A. Acute care clinical nurse specialist
B. Certified Nurse-Midwife
C. Lay Midwife
D. Obstetric or women's healthcare nurse practitioner |
|
Definition
| Answer is B - Certified Nurse Midwife |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technique that uses fine needles to stimulate pressure points |
|
|
Term
| Classic system of Hindu medicine aimed at helping people lead healthy lives (What's it called?) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the technique designed to help individuals learn to control their physiologic responses called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This is a system that uses concepts of manipulation to address certain health problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Healing system that uses the concept of like to cure like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| System that uses a variety of natural approaches to preventing and treating problems |
|
|
Term
| System of medicine based on the balance of energy or chi? |
|
Definition
| Traditional Chinese Medicine |
|
|
Term
The perinatal mortality rate is a combination of the :
A. Infant death rate and neonatal mortality rate
B. Fetal death rate and Infant death rate
C. Neonatal mortality rate and Postneonatal mortality rate
D. Fetal death rate and Neonatal mortality rate |
|
Definition
| Answer is : D. Fetal death rate and Neonatal mortality rate |
|
|
Term
A family in which the parents are divorced and the children are members of two households, that of the father and that of the mother, is termed a/an:
A. Binuclear Family
B. Blended Family
C. Extended Family
D. Kin Network |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices that are accepted by a population, a community, or an individual are termed ___________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This structure protects pelvic bones, especially during coitus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This structure produces smegma that has a sexually stimulating odor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Features of the Labia Minora |
|
Definition
| Rich in sebaceous glands that lubricate and provide bactericidal secretiions |
|
|
Term
| This is the site of episiotomy and lacerations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do the Parauretharal (Skene's) glands secrete? |
|
Definition
| Secretions that lubricate the vaginal vestible to facilitate sexual intercourse |
|
|
Term
| These glands secrete clear, thick mucus that enhances sperm viability and motility |
|
Definition
| Vulvovaginal (Bartholin's) glands |
|
|
Term
| The mesoderm germ layer gives rise to what structures? |
|
Definition
| Muscles, lungs, and circulatory system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The reduction in size of the uterus and its return to a condition similar to its nonpregnant state |
|
|
Term
| One of the most important aspects of involution? |
|
Definition
| Exfoliation of the superficial tissue where the placenta had been attached. If this tissue did not necrotize & slough off but instead turned into scar tissue, there would be less area for a future embryo implantation. |
|
|
Term
| Uterine atony is also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does it take for a uterus to return to its nonpregnant size and location after delivery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the fundus is higher than expected and deviated to the right, what should the nurse suspect? |
|
Definition
| That the woman's bladder is full; pt. should go void and then nurse should resume fundus inspection to ensure it is back in the midline. |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of Lochia? When do they occur, what do they look like? |
|
Definition
1. Lochia rubra - first 2-3 days post partal. It is dark red in color
2. Lochia serosa - 3rd to 10th day postpartal. Pinkish in color
3. Lochia alba - 10th day to 1 or 2 weeks postpartal. It is creamy, yellowish discharge. |
|
|
Term
| Name 8 factors that can retard uterine involution |
|
Definition
1. Prolonged labor
2. Anesthesia
3. Difficult birth
4. Grandmultiparity
5. Full Bladder
6. Incomplete Expulsion of placenta or membranes
7. Infection
8. Overdistention of the Uterus (multiple gestation, hydramnios, etc) |
|
|
Term
| What is a separation of the rectus abdominis muscles called? |
|
Definition
| Diastasis recti abdominus |
|
|
Term
| Many mother's experience this (has to do with B/P) after labor and delivery |
|
Definition
| Orthostatic hypotension, Nurse should assist the mother the first few times she attempts to ambulate |
|
|
Term
| As ovulation nears, the cervical mucus shows increased elasticity, called _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does the fetal heart begin to to beat? When can it be heard by a Doppler device? |
|
Definition
It begins to beat @ 4 weeks
It can be heard by Doppler between 8-12 weeks. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important determinant of a couple's fertility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the single most important fertility diagnostic study for the man? |
|
Definition
| A semen analysis of sperm quality, quantity, and motility |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common sex chromosome abnormalities? |
|
Definition
Turner syndrome in females (45, X with no Barr bodies present) &
Klinefelter syndrome in males (47, XXY with one Barr body present) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 processes that a sperm must undergo before fertilization can occur? |
|
Definition
1. Capacitation - removal of the plasma membrane and glycoprotein coat.
2. Acrosomal Reaction - follows capacitation. The acrosome caps of the sperm surrounding the ovum release their enzymes; these enzymes break down the hyaluronic acid that holds the cells of the corona radiata of the ovum together. |
|
|
Term
| Scenario: A women at 33 weeks comes because she has not felt the baby move for 2 days. The FHR cannot be detected with the ultrasound doppler. What test would come next? |
|
Definition
| A second ultrasound will be performed to verify the absence of cardiac activity |
|
|
Term
Quiz: A 36 yr. old mother delivers a fetus that appeared to have Downs Syndrome and subsequently died. What is your most appropriate response:
A) "You wouldn't want to have a child with a birth defect anyway"
B)"You can get pregnant again. If you conceived once, it'll happen again"
C)"I'm very sorry for your loss"
D) "I'll make su"re to keep all visitors away so you can be alone" |
|
Definition
| Answer is C: I'm very sorry for your loss. |
|
|
Term
| 5 most common causes for maternal death? |
|
Definition
1. Hemorrhage
2. Hypertensive disorders
3. Embolism
4. Infection
5. Pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
**Obesity is also becoming a significant factor** |
|
|
Term
| In the event of fetal death what two communication/therapeutic techniques can the nurse use to facilitate a healthy mourning process? |
|
Definition
| Active listening techniques and avoiding the use of cliches |
|
|
Term
| What two goals should a nurse have when assisting grieving parents and families? |
|
Definition
1) To help the family navigate the medical/hospital system
2) To facilitate that family's mourning process by allowing them to dictate their own experience |
|
|
Term
| The CARING THEORY consists of what 5 attributes of the caregiver? |
|
Definition
1. Knowing
2. Being with
3. Doing for
4. Enabling
5. Maintaining belief |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 areas of focus for a home visit to a postpartum family? |
|
Definition
1. Assessment
2. Teaching
3. Counseling |
|
|
Term
| How does postpartum care differ from community health visits (at homes)? |
|
Definition
1. For postpartum care, only one or two visits are planned and long term care is not anticipated.
2. The scope of the visit is focused on postpartum needs rather than comprehensive |
|
|
Term
| What should the nurse do if he or she begins to feel unsafe during a home visit? |
|
Definition
Hmmm..this is a hard one...
The nurse should terminate the visit immediately (after giving everyone a kung-fu kick) |
|
|
Term
| Some ways to stay safe during home visits (There are about 25 of these on pg. 1057) I just included 9 |
|
Definition
1) Confirm address of home; get directions
2) Notify instructor/supervisor when leaving for the visit.
3) Carry a cell phone (that is charged)
4) Take your nice car, not the hooptie and make sure you have enough gas
5) Wear your name tag and carry ID
6) Call patients on when you are on your way so they are expecting you
7) Identify all individuals present in the home when you arrive - Don't let them shoot you or drugs while you are there.
8) Always have your car keys in hand when you are returning to your vehicle
9) Inform supervisor/police if anything suspicious happened while you were there |
|
|
Term
| How should you hold a baby when shampooing their hair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should the infant's resting position be changed periodically, especially during the early months of life? |
|
Definition
| They have soft skull bones and they can get "dents" in their head if you leave them in one position too long or position the same every time you put them to sleep |
|
|
Term
| One reason to put a newborn on their back when putting them to sleep/rest? |
|
Definition
| To decrease the risk of SIDS!!! Remember the motto is "Back to sleep" |
|
|
Term
| 7 important components of CORD CARE in newborns? |
|
Definition
1) It should left to dry naturally
2) Parents/caregivers need to wash their hands before and after handling the cord.
3) The cord should be kept dry and clean.
4) The cord should be exposed to air or covered only loosely by clean clothes.
5) The diaper should be folded beneath the cord to prevent contamination.
6) The cord should be cleaned if it becomes soiled with urine or stool.
7) The cord should be dried thoroughly after each cleansing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infection of the umbilical cord stump |
|
|
Term
| How should a newborn's temperature be taken? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: Newborns should be given a daily bath |
|
Definition
| FALSE : Excess bathing and use of soap removes natural skin oils and dries out the newborn's sensitive skin so bathing should only be done 2-3 times a week. |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The eyes of a newborn are washed from the inner to the outer canthus |
|
Definition
TRUE: This direction prevents the potential for clogging the tear duct at the inner canthus
*Also use a different portion of the washcloth for each eye so you don't x-contaminate. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE or FALSE: The newborn's ear canal should be cleaned regularly with a cotton swab |
|
Definition
| FALSE: Never use Q-tips on a newborn because it is possible to put the swab too far in and damage the eardrum. Also the swab may just push discharge farther into the ear canal. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE or FALSE: Talcum powder should be applied generously to keep the infant's skin dry |
|
Definition
| FALSE: Baby powder can cause serious respiratory problems if the baby inhales it. |
|
|
Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: A newborn's genital area should be cleansed daily with soap and water and with water after every diaper change (poop or pee) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TRUE OR FALSE: The foreskin of uncircumcised males should be gently retracted each day |
|
Definition
| FALSE: The penis should be cleansed daily but! even minimal retraction of the foreskin is not advised. |
|
|
Term
Let's talk poop: Fill in the blanks!
Babies can expect to have at least ____ meconium stool on the first day of life and at least ______ during the second 24 hours. _______ to ______ stools can be expected each day by 3 to 5 days of age, and ______ to ______ stools per day on days 5 through 7. |
|
Definition
1) 1 stool for first day of life
2) 2 stools during second 24 hours
3) 3 to 4 stools for days 3-5
4) 3 to 6 stools for days 5-7 |
|
|
Term
| When should parents seek care for their newborn (in regards to temperature) |
|
Definition
| If the newborn has a rectal temp of 100.4F or greater OR an axillary temp of 99.4F or greater. |
|
|
Term
| Even in the absence of fever, when should the parents of a newborn seek care? |
|
Definition
| If the newborn is showing more signs of temperature instability, poor feeding, abdominal distention, inability to tolerate feedings, apnea, or alterations in behavior such as irritability or lethargy. |
|
|
Term
| 6 signs ethat indicate failure to bond |
|
Definition
1. Calling infant by nickname that promotes ridicule
2. Inadequate infant weight gain
3. Infant is dirty
4. Hygienic measures are not being maintained.
5. Severe diaper rash
6. Failure to obtain adequate supplies to provide infant care |
|
|
Term
| Appropriate caloric intake for a BREASTFEEDING mother? |
|
Definition
| 500 more calories than her pre-pregnancy recommended daily allowance |
|
|
Term
| At 6 weeks postpartum what should a mother's H & H levels be? |
|
Definition
Hemoglobin (Hb): 12 g/dl
Hematocrit (Hct): 37% +or- 5% |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important for an infant to be returned for follow up blood tests after the initials have been done (i.e. phenylketonuria & other metabolic disorders) |
|
Definition
| Even though the initial tests are taken before discharge, the tests are less accurate until there is adequate intake of breast milk or formula; therefore the follow-up second test is essential. |
|
|
Term
| The 10 categories that should be assessed on a postpartum Mom on a home visit |
|
Definition
1. Vitals (WNL or not?)
2. Weight (Minimal, retained, or excessive weight loss)
3. Breasts (Engorgement, Redness, S&S of infection, Masses, Cracked nipples, etc)
4. Abdominal Musculature (Muscles too relaxed, drainage, edema, redness, S&S of infection)
5. Elimination Pattern (Urinary - incontinence, pain or burning when voiding / Bowel - severe constipation, fecal incontinence)
6. Reproductive Tract (Lochia, Uterus not decreasing in size or boggy, episiotomy assessment)
7. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Anemia)
8. Attachment (Response to infant, bonding, stress, influence from others)
9. Adjustment to Parental Role (Adjustment to new role, education level, communication, support)
10. Education (Self-care knowledge, infant care knowledge, sibling rivalry, birth control method)
**For all categories see pg's 1072-73 for parameters |
|
|
Term
| The 12 categories that shou |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Immediately after birth (expulsion of baby & placenta) the fundus should be where?
VS.
6 to 12 hours after birth, where should the fundus be then? |
|
Definition
Immediate - the fundus should be midline, one half to two thirds between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus.
VS.
6 to 12 hours after birth - the fundus should be midline at the level of the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
Multiple choice -
The lochia (postpartum first two to three days) should have a:
a. characteristic foul odor and consist of blood mixed with a small amount of mucus
B) characteristic foul odor and a dark brown color with occasional red bleeding.
C) musty odor and be clear-colored and moderate in amount
D) musty odor with blood and small amount of mucus mixed in. |
|
Definition
| D) The lochia should have a musty odor with blood and a small amount of mucus mixed in. |
|
|
Term
Multiple choice -
During the early postpartal period, the perineum should be:
A) edematous, painful to pressure, a displaying a clear discharge
B) edematous, painful to pressure, and perhaps displaying hemorrhoids
C) displaying clear drainage and perhaps hemorrhoids
D) intensely painful in the episiotomy area and displaying clear drainage |
|
Definition
| B) Edematous, painful to pressure, and perhaps displaying hemorrhoids |
|
|
Term
Multiple Choice:
Newly postpartum Moms' breasts should be:
A) engorged and not secreting any fluid
B) engorged and secreting colostrum
C) soft and secreting colostrum
D) soft and secreting milk |
|
Definition
| C) soft and secreting colostrum |
|
|
Term
Multiple choice:
Uterine involution occurs as result of:
A) a decrease in the number of myometrial cells
B) autolysis of protein material within the uterine wall
C) necosis of hypertrophic myometrial cells
D) necrotic degeneration of the placental site |
|
Definition
| B) Autolysis of protein material within the uterine wall |
|
|
Term
What is POSTPARTUM CHILL?
What is it thought to be related to (physiologically) |
|
Definition
Postpartum chill is intense tremors that resemble shivering from a chill immediately after birth.
It is thought to be related to the emptying of the uterus, the rapid cardiovascular changes that are occurring, and emotional responses to birth |
|
|
Term
Postpartum Diaphoresis
1) When does it occur?
2) Why does it happen (physiologically)? |
|
Definition
1) The post-prego sweats usu. occur on the day of birth or on first postpartum day. Frequently the episodes occur at night.
2) The body needs to shed extra fluid that has been retained during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A term used to refer to the rhythmic uterine contractions that may continue to occur after birth. The contractions ARE ESSENTIAL for involution to occur. |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of MRA - Maternal Role Attainment (aka Rubin's Theory) |
|
Definition
1) seeking safe passage
2) ensuring the acceptance of the child by others
3) bonding with the fetus
4) learning to give of oneself. |
|
|
Term
| When should a woman be referred to seek help for Post Partum Depression (ie..what are the warning signs that her condition has gone beyond just the postpartum "blues") |
|
Definition
| If the feelings of sadness, anger, weepiness, anorexia, etc. have lasted longer than 10-14 days,and/or symptoms become worse |
|
|
Term
| The 9 essential areas that need to be included in the daily physical assessment of a postpartum patient (this is per book, I also have a BUBBLEHEER card) |
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Definition
1. Vital signs
2. Breasts, including nipples
3. Fundus and abdomen
4. Lochia
5. Perineum (including anus)
6. Elimination
7. Lower extremities
8. Nutritional status
9. Activity level |
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Term
| What is the correct procedure for evaluating descent of the fundus? |
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Definition
| Place the palm of your hand at the level of the umbilicus and cup it back toward the maternal spine. Feel for a rounded, firm object. |
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Term
| In assessing a newly postpartum Mom's perineum, how should you have the patient lay? |
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Definition
| She should assume the Lateral Sims position |
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Term
| How is Homan's sign elicited? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before resorting to catheterizing a postpartum patient who is unable to void; what other measures can you take? |
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Definition
You can pour warm water slowly over her perineum while her wrist is resting warm water. You can also create a verbal picture of flowing water for her. Additionally, encourage her to use her other hand to massage the bladder.
(This is all from the workbook, I swear) |
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Term
| 4 comfort measures for the patient who has had an Episiotomy/Laceration |
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Definition
1. Cold packs
2. Sitz baths
3. Sitting on a firm surface
4. Spray the area with warm water after urinating. |
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Term
| 3 comfort measures for Hemorrhoids |
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Definition
1. Witch hazel pads
2. Tucks
3. Patting when drying after urinating |
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Term
| 4 comfort measures for AFTERPAINS |
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Definition
1. Warm packs
2. Holding pillow against abdomen
3. Lying on her stomach
4. Analgesics |
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Term
| Before a Mom gets up for her first post-partum pee-pee what assessments should you make? |
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Definition
| Assess her steadiness, dizziness, skin temperature and characteristics, skin color, BP and pulse |
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Term
| How can a non-breastfeeding mother suppress lactation? 4 ways.. |
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Definition
1. Ask that Prof. Cohen not be her nurse
2. Wear a firm bra
3. Avoid any stimulation of the breasts
4. Apply cold packs or cabbage leaves |
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Term
| What are some ways to ease sibling rivalry in the older child? |
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Definition
1. Enroll the child in a sibling class PRIOR to the birth
2. Bring him/her for visits to the birthing facility
3. Give him/her opportunities for special attention or activities
4. Cuddle with them and introduce them to the new baby
5. Give older child a special treat or gift from the new baby
6. Give older child opportunities to hold and help with care of the newborn
7. Encourage role-playing with babydolls (again prior to the birth) |
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Term
| 4 medical or pregnancy-related complications that occur most commonly in pregnant adolescents |
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Definition
1. Iron deficiency anemia
2. Preeclampsia
3. Preterm birth
4. Cephalopelvic disproportion |
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Term
| A woman of normal weight (at start of pregnancy)should have what pattern of weight gain throughout pregnancy? |
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Definition
0.5 to 2 kg (1.1 to 4.4 lbs) in first trimester and
0.45 kg (1 1b) per week in the 2nd & 3rd trimesters. |
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Term
| To achieve appropriate weight gain in the 2nd & 3rd trimesters, a pregnant woman should up her caloric intake how much? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin helps prevent night blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
| This vitamin is an important ANTIOXIDANT |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin K is necessary for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is Vitamin C essential to a fetus' development? |
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Definition
| It is essential for the formation of connective tissue |
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Term
| Folic Acid intake by Mom helps prevent what in baby? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which vitamin aids in Amino Acid Metabolism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Calcium is essential for what in the fetus? |
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Definition
| Mineralization of fetal bones and teeth |
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Term
| This mineral is important in the synthesis of DNA and RNA |
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Definition
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Term
| Magnesium is important for? |
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Definition
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Term
Sources of protein for a true vegan?
Sources of calcium for a vegan? |
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Definition
Protein - Soybean products: soybean milk, tofu, and soy protein isolates; and nuts and lentils
Calcium - Turnip greens, white beans, and almonds. |
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Term
Multiple Choice:
The primary cause of uterine enlargement during pregnancy is due to:
A) engorgement of preexisting vascular structures
B) formation of an additional layer of uterine musculature
C) hypertrophy of preexisting myometrial cells
D) increased number of myometrial cells |
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Definition
| C) Hypertrophy of preexisting myometrial cells |
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Term
| By the end of pregnancy how much of the total maternal blood volume is found in the vascular system of the uterus? |
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Definition
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Term
Time for Signs!
1. A blue purple discoloration of the cervix is called _______ sign
2. The softening of the cervix that occurs is called _______ sign.
3. The softening of the isthmus of the uterus is called _______ sign. |
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Definition
1. Blue-purple color: Chadwick's sign
2. Softening of cervix: Goodell's sign
3. Softening of isthmus: Heger's sign |
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Term
| Which glands are responsible for the formation of the mucous plug? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the mucous plug? |
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Definition
| To prevent the ascent of bacteria/other organisms from the vaginal tract into the uterus |
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Term
| Will the ovaries still produce ovum during pregnancy? |
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Definition
| No they stop ovum production |
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Term
| What does the corpus luteum secrete during the first 10-12 weeks of pregnancy? Why? |
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Definition
| It secretes Hcg (Human chorionic gonadotropin) to maintain the pregnancy |
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Term
| A woman's vaginal pH becomes more acidic or alkaline during pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Acidic pH of the vagina in pregnancy helps prevent what? BUT! this also favors what? |
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Definition
| The acid pH helps PREVENT BACTERIAL infections but! it FAVORS the growth of YEAST organisms |
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Term
| Why do nasal stuffiness and epistaxis occur in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Estrogen-induced edema and vascular congestion of the nasal mucosa |
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Term
State if the following normally INCREASE or DECREASE with pregnancy:
1. Blood pressure
2. Erythrocyte production
3. Cardiac Output
4. Hematocrit
5. Pulse |
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Definition
1. B/P DECREASES
2. Erythrocyte volume INCREASES
3. Cardiac output INCREASES
4. Hematocrit DECREASES
5. Pulse INCREASES |
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Term
Multiple choice:
The pseudoanemia of pregnancy is caused by:
a) a greater increase in plasma volume than in hemoglobin levels
b) decreased hemoglobin levels
c) a decrease in both plasma volume and hemoglobin levels
d) increased plasma volume without a comparable increase in hemoglobin levels |
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Definition
| d) increased plasma volume without comparable increase in hemoglobin levels |
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Term
| Constipation in pregnancy is caused by? |
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Definition
| Prolonged stomach emptying time and decreased intestinal motility |
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Term
Multiple choice:
Which of the following changes in kidney functioning occurs during a normal pregnancy?
A) Blood urea nitrogen values increase
B) Glomerular filtration rate increases
C) Renal plasma flow decreases
D) Renal tubular reabsorption rate decreases |
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Definition
| B) Glomerular filtration rate increases |
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Term
| What is Chloasma (aka melasma) |
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Definition
It is the irregular pigmentation of the cheeks, forehead and nose that happens in pregnancy.
AKA the "mask of pregnancy" |
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Term
| What causes the waddle walk that pregnant women assume late in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| The weight and size of her growing uterus cause her center of gravity to change and to compensate, pregnant women tend to exaggerate the LUMBAR curve. Hormonal effects also produce softening of the pelvic joints AND finally prego's tend to walk with their feet farther apart to maintain balance |
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Term
| Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)'s role in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| hCG stimulates estrogen and progesterone production by the corpus luteum until the placenta is sufficiently developed |
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Term
| ESTROGEN's function in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Estrogen stimulates uterine development and development of the ductal system of the breasts for lactation |
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Term
| Progesterone's role in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Progesterone helps maintain the pregnancy; also promotes development of the acini and lobules of the breasts for lactation |
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Term
| This hormone decreases maternal metabolism of glucose to favor fetal growth and increases amount of circulating free fatty acids for maternal metabolic needs during pregnancy |
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Definition
| hPL or Human placental lactogen |
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Term
| What is Relaxin's role in pregnancy? |
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Definition
| Relaxin inhibits uterine activity and helps remodel collagen |
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Term
| Capacitation of the sperm takes how long? |
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Definition
| About 7 hours to complete |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of rapid cellular division |
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Term
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Definition
| Small developing mass of cells held together by the zona pellucida |
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Term
|
Definition
| Solid ball of cells (as relates to zygote development) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner solid mass of cells after cavity is formed |
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Term
Multiple choice:
After implantation, the portion of the endometrium that overlies the developing ovum is called?
a) decidua basalis
b) decidua capsularis
c) dedidua luteum
d) decidua vera |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ligament in the mother steadies the uterus during labor and moves the fetus toward the cervix? |
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Definition
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Term
| ACOG, AAP, ANA recommend home visit & follow ups within _____ hours. after early discharge |
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Definition
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Term
Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act (NMHPA), enacted 1996
Provides how many minimum stay hours for uncomplicated vaginal births and how many for uncomplicated cesarean births? |
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Definition
48 hours uncomplicated vaginal birth
96 hours uncomplicated cesarean birth |
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Term
| What is a particularly telling sign of Sepsis in a newborn? |
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Definition
| When their temperature fluctuates up and down |
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Term
| When a parent suspects that a baby has colic, what important step must they take with the baby's healthcare provider |
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Definition
| They must rule out other causes to ensure IT IS colic |
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Term
| 3 disorders that the newborn heel-stick blood test is performed for? |
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Definition
| Galactosemia, phenylketonuria (PKU), and sickle cell anemia |
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Term
| What is the most essential of the minimal criteria for discharge of newborns Prior to 48 Hours of Age |
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Definition
| The baby has to have had at least 1 void and 1 stool |
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Term
| Sperm count of a normal male should be? |
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Definition
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