Term
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Definition
| an abnormal condition characterized by the collapse, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a part of the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| the separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges typically an abdominal incision |
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Term
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Definition
| the separation and disruption of previously joined wound edges to the extent that an internal organ typically intestinal contents protrudes through the wound |
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Term
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Definition
| the lack of intestinal peristalsis |
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Term
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Definition
| a clot that dislodges and ends up in the lungs, indicated by pain with inspiration and irregular breathing can feel really anxious |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pain that breaks through the pain killer related to surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| is a combination of medicines to help you relax (a sedative) and to block pain (an anesthetic) |
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Term
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Definition
| is a combination of medicines that you inhale or receive through a needle in a vein to cause you to become unconscious. |
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Term
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Definition
| bleeding or abnormal loss of blood |
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Term
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Definition
| is an emergency condition in which severe blood and fluid loss make the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body |
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Term
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Definition
| is the time involved with the surgical procedure |
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Term
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Definition
| is only used to ease pain, disability or other complications that come with advanced cancer |
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Term
| patient controlled analgesia |
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Definition
| is a method of pain control designed to allow the patient to administer pre set doses of an analgesic, on demand |
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Term
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Definition
| begins after the transfer to the PACU (Post Anesthesia Care Unit) and terminates with the resolution of the surgical sequelae |
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Term
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Definition
| the time leading up to surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| injects medication near a cluster of nerves to numb only the area of your body that requires surgery. |
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Term
| Discuss the pharmacologic methods of intrapartum pain management and nursing considerations |
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Definition
special considerations: effect to fetus (morphine can slow down the hr and movement), general anesthesia is only used in extreme conditions, drugs can slow down progress of labor
opioids- can be used before epidural, can slow down the advancement of labor
adjunctive- can be used to **knock you out** (mostly is an antihistamine)
epidural block- pain relief but does not get rid of sensation, need to be aware of bladder distention
pundendal block-does not block pain form contractions or sensation of pressure
spinal block-used for C-sections goes into the dura space next to the spinal cord |
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Term
| Discuss the pharmacologic methods of intrapartum pain management and nursing considerations |
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Definition
special considerations: effect to fetus (morphine can slow down the hr and movement), general anesthesia is only used in extreme conditions, drugs can slow down progress of labor
opioids- can be used before epidural, can slow down the advancement of labor
adjunctive- can be used to **knock you out** (mostly is an antihistamine)
epidural block- pain relief but does not get rid of sensation, need to be aware of bladder distention
pundendal block-does not block pain form contractions or sensation of pressure
spinal block-used for C-sections goes into the dura space next to the spinal cord |
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Term
| What are the FDA pregnancy categories |
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Definition
A= no risk to fetus
B= little to no risk to fetus
C= risk to fetus
D= proven risk to human fetus
X= risk outweighs the benefits |
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Term
| Discuss general anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care: |
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Definition
Monitored Anesthesia Care includes:
administration of drug
depressed loc but maintains patent airway, respond to verbal commands and physical stimuli |
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Term
| Nurses role and legal implications related to an informed consent: |
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Definition
| health care provider needs to be clear about whats wrong and why they need the surgery, always be an advocate for the patient, nurse needs to witness patient signature and the nurse needs to explain that the patient can change their mind at any time |
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Term
| Nurses role and legal implications related to an informed consent: |
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Definition
| health care provider needs to be clear about whats wrong and why they need the surgery, always be an advocate for the patient, nurse needs to witness patient signature and the nurse needs to explain that the patient can change their mind at any time |
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Term
| Explain nursing activities designed to prepare children for surgery |
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Definition
-demonstration on a toy
-explain that parents will be there right up until and then after surgery
-make sure to follow daily routine
- explain the procedure but do not provide too much information
-reassure that the reason for surgery is not their fault |
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Term
| Assess the physiological changes with aging that increase surgical risk: |
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Definition
Cardio- CHF, tachycardia, decreased peripheral and central circulation, decreased cardiac output
Resp: COPD, decreased oxygen, alectisis, decreased ability to cough
CNS: stroke, increased risk for falls, decreased movement, increased confusion
Renal: decreased urine output, renal failure, loss of bladder control
Integument: decreased skin integrity, increased chance for pressure spots
Gastro: increased chance for constipation, increased chance for malnutrition |
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Term
| Discuss potential complications after surgery: |
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Definition
cardio: bleeding, shock, hypotension and overhydration
Pulmonary: pneumonia, asthma, COPD, respiratory depression
Kidney and Liver: fluid/electrolyte balance, metabolism and drug excretion, impaired wound healing
Metabolic-hypoglycemia, acidosis and wound healing issues |
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Term
| Identify categories of medication that place patients at increased surgical risk |
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Definition
Anticoagulants: need to be stopped days before surgery occurs
Tranquilizers: cause BP to drop
Adrenal Steroids: higher risk related to decreasing the immune response
Antibiotics: interact with anthesia
*need to be aware of any vitamins and herbal supplements the patient may take** |
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Term
| Role of the nurse in the preoperative physical assessment: |
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Definition
| general survey/assessment, status of skin (hydration status, any open wounds), respiratory status, cardiovascular status and neuro status |
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Term
| discuss the guidelines for preparing a patient psychologically for surgery |
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Definition
communication is key, teaching about the surgery and what happens after is important too.
Teaching:
-surgical events
-sensations
-pain management
-appropriate exercises for pre and post op |
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Term
| Therapeutic nursing interventions and cultural considerations |
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Definition
| health beliefs and cultures, language barriers are an issue |
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Term
| Nurses role in preoperative teaching related to pain management, physical activity, coughing, incentive spirometer and leg exercises |
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Definition
teaching about pain management such as meds, relaxation, PCA and nonpharm techniques such as imagery
physical activity level as tolerated, encourage coughing and use of incentive spirometer for increasing lung capacity |
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Term
| discuss nursing care in the immediate postoperative period |
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Definition
AIRWAY IS #1, check vital signs and compare to average base line
CNS check for normal neuro and compare to baseline
Fluid status- measure urine output
Wound- asses wound and associated bandage, reinforce with more gauze as needed
pain management- make sure patient is awake enough to administer |
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Term
| Discuss therapeutic nursing interventions to reduce risk of cardiovascular system |
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Definition
| prevent hypothermia, monitor I&O, IV's, skin drainage, exercises, ambulation, stockings, anticoagulants and position regularly |
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Term
| discuss therapeutic nursing interventions to reduce the risk of respiratory complications |
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Definition
| regular assessments, pneumonia indicated by low pulse ox and pain at site with SOB, atelectasis indicated by absent lung sounds or small crackles |
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Term
| discuss therapeutic nursing interventions tor educe the risk of wound complications |
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Definition
| prevent dehiscence and evisceration |
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Term
| Appropriate nursing diagnoses appropriate for the patient during the preoperative period |
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Definition
anticipatory grieving R/T perceived loss of normal body image
anxiety R/T effects of surgical procedure
fear R/T surgery
risk for infection R/T age, obesity, incision
ineffective airway clearance
ineffective individual coping |
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Term
| appropriate nursing diagnoses for the patient in post operative period |
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Definition
impaired skin integrity R/T incision
impaired physical mobility
impaired verbal communication
risk for surgical site infection
pain R/T right flank incision
altered family processes |
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Term
| Discuss therapeutic nursing interventions that help a patient cope with alterations in self concept and body image |
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Definition
| unique individual, verbal and non verbal, verbalize feelings, support strengths, goal setting, teaching and honest information, health team members and provide appropriate referrals |
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Term
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Definition
| Accelerations are defined as short-term rises in the heart rate of at least 15 beats per minute, which last at least 15 seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein produced by the liver and yolk sac of a developing baby during pregnancy |
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Term
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Definition
| transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid that contains fetal cells and biochemical substances for laboratory examination |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial rupture of the amniotic sac (fetal membranes) |
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Term
| Artificial Rupture of Membranes (AROM) |
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Definition
| also known as an amniotomy, may be performed by a midwife or obstetrician to induce or accelerate labor. |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial stimulation of uterine contractions that have become ineffective |
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Term
| Baseline fetal heart rate |
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Definition
| The baseline FHR is the heart rate during a 10 minute segment rounded to the nearest 5 beat per minute increment excluding periods of marked FHR variability, periodic or episodic changes, and segments of baseline that differ by more than 25 beats per minute. |
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Term
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Definition
| method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period based on five fetal variables: fetal heart rate variability, fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, muscle tone, and amniotic fluid volume |
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Term
| cephalopelvic disproportion CPD |
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Definition
| fetal head size that is too large to fit through the maternal pelvis at birth also called fetopelvic disproportion |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the softening of the cervix that typically begins prior to the onset of labor contractions and is necessary for cervical dilation and the passage of the fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical birth of the fetus through an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| newborn scalp edema created by vacuum extractor |
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Term
| chorionic villus sampling CVS |
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Definition
| transcervical or transabdominal sampling of chorionic villi (projections of the outer fetal membrane) for analysis of fetal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period by observing the response of the fetal heart to intermittent stress of induced uterine contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| is a decrease in the fetal heart rate below the fetal baseline heart rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| difficult or prolonged labor often associated with abnormal uterine activity and cephalopelvic disproportion |
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Term
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Definition
| when the fetal heart rate drops below the baseline in conjunction with a contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| infection in the inner lining of the uterus |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vaginal opening |
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Term
| fetal biophysical profile |
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Definition
a baby's heart rate, breathing, movements, muscle tone and amniotic fluid level are evaluated and given a score.
recommended for women at risk of pregnancy loss |
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Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
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Definition
| a group of physical behavioral and mental abnormalities that are the most sever effects of fetal alcohol exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to an abnormally low fetal heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| is an abnormal increase in the fetal heart rate 160-180 |
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Term
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Definition
| Forceps look like two large salad spoons. The doctor uses them to guide the baby's head out of the birth canal. The mother will push the baby the rest of the way out. |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive volume of amniotic fluid (2000ml+) also called polyhydramnios |
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Term
| hypertonic labor dysfunction |
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Definition
| ineffective labor characterized by erratic and poorly coordinated contractions uterine resting tone is higher than normal |
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Term
| hypotonic labor dysfunction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reduced oxygenation of the blood evidence by a low partial pressure of oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
| a variation of electronic fetal monitoring in which an initial strip is obtained on admission if patterns are reassuring the woman is remonitored for periods of 15 minutes at regular intervals (30 to 60 minutes) |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial initiation of labor |
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Term
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Definition
| slowing of the fetal heart rate after the onset of a uterine contraction that persists after the contraction ends |
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Term
| lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio L/S ratio |
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Definition
| ratio of two phospholipids in amniotic fluid that is used to estimate fetal lung maturity |
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Term
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Definition
The Fluctuation Of The Fetal Heart Rate Over The Course Of One Minute
•Average-5-15bpm
•Increased-more Than 15 Bpm
•Decreased-less Than 5 Bpm
•Absent-less Than 2 Bpm |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a pregnancy in which the woman is carrying more than one fetuses, also called multiple gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| a congenital defect in the closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord or of the skull |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal heart rate that is not reassuring such as tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
| a method for evaluating fetal status during the antepartum period by observing for accelerations of the fetal heart rate |
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Term
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Definition
| umbilical cord around the fetal neck |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally small volume of amniotic fluid (less than 500 ml) at term |
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Term
| percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (cordocentesis) |
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Definition
| procedure for obtaining fetal blood through ultrasound-guided puncture of an umbilical cord vessel to detect fetal problems such as inherited blood disorders, acidosis or infection |
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Term
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Definition
| a phospholipid component of surfactant its presence in amniotic fluid indicates the fetal lungs mature |
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Term
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Definition
| a phospholipid component that is produced and secreted in increasing amounts as the fetal lungs mature |
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Term
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Definition
| an intense, unusually short labor that lasts less than 3 hours |
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Term
| premature rupture of membranes |
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Definition
| spontaneous rupture of the membranes before the onset of labor the gestation my be term preterm or postterm |
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Term
| preterm premature rupture of membranes |
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Definition
| is the rupture of membranes during pregnancy before 37 weeks’ gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| onset of labor after 20 weeks and before the beginning of the 38th week of gestation |
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Term
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Definition
| displacement of the umbilical cord in front of or beside the fetal presenting part. an occult prolapse is one that is suspected on the basis of fetal heart rate patterns the umbilical cord cannot be palpated or seen |
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Term
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Definition
| labor that lasts for 20 hours or more |
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Term
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Definition
| illness arising during the first 10 days of the postpartum period, that is, a temperature of 38°C (100.4°F) or more on any 2 days of the first 10, excluding the first 24 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The Fetal Heart Rate Per Minute Changes Calculated From One Beat Of The Heart To The Next |
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Term
| spontaneous rupture of the membranes |
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Definition
| the membranes rupture whenever |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture of lipoproteins produced by mature fetal lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli thus promoting lung expansion after birth |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that inhibits uterine contractions |
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Term
| transducer marker screening |
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Definition
| a device that translates one physical quantity into another, such as fetal heart motion into an electrical signal for rate calculation, generation of sound or a written record |
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Term
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Definition
| is an investigation performed during pregnancy in the second trimester to classify a patient as either high-risk or low-risk for chromosomal abnormalities (and neural tube defects). |
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Term
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Definition
| is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique used for visualizing internal body structures including tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and internal organs for possible pathology or lesions. |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased uterine muscle contraction a primary cause of excessive bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
| degree of uterine muscle tension when the woman is not in labor or during the interval between labor contractions |
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Term
| vaginal birth after cesarean |
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Definition
| a decision for the next birth by the mom |
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Term
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Definition
| deceleration that is not associated with contractions |
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Term
| list the conditions that indicate a pregnancy is at risk |
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Definition
younger than 16 years of age or older than 35 years of age
low socioeconomic status or dependent on public assistance
nonwhite race
multiparity
low pregnancy weight
obesity
smoking
use of alcohol
pervious preterm birth |
|
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Term
| list the conditions that indicate a pregnancy is at risk |
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Definition
younger than 16 years of age or older than 35 years of age
low socioeconomic status or dependent on public assistance
nonwhite race
multiparity
low pregnancy weight
obesity
smoking
use of alcohol
pervious preterm birth |
|
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Term
| list the conditions that indicate a pregnancy is at risk |
|
Definition
younger than 16 years of age or older than 35 years of age
low socioeconomic status or dependent on public assistance
nonwhite race
multiparity
low pregnancy weight
obesity
smoking
use of alcohol
pervious preterm birth |
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Term
| discuss internal fetal monitoring |
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Definition
| fetal heart rate monitoring with a scalp electrode, it detects electrical signals from the fetal heart |
|
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Term
| discuss external fetal monitoring |
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Definition
| transducers are secured on the mother's abdomen by elastic straps or adhesive ring. they are less accurate than internal fetal monitoring |
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Term
| what is the difference between reassuring and nonreassuring fetal heart patterns |
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Definition
| reassuring patterns include accelerations with increased fetal movements which is positive while nonreassuring includes those in which favorable signs are absent or signs that are associated with fetal hypoxia or acidosis. Nonreassuring patterns also indicate that steps should be taken to identify possible causes for the patterns and correct their causes |
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Term
| Fetal scalp stimulation clarifies questionable EFM data because... |
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Definition
| evaluates the fetus's response to tactile stimulation during labor, an acceleration in FHR for 15 bpm for at least 15 seconds is a reassuring response inn the term fetus suggesting normal oxygen and acid base balance |
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Term
| vobroacoustic stimulation is a method to clarifying questionable EFM data because....... |
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Definition
| may be used by the nurse to supplement scalp stimulation or if scalp stimulation is contraindicated. it is very common related to being non invasive. a stimulator that uses a combination of sound and vibration is applied to the mother's lower abdomen and its turned on for up to 3 seconds |
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Term
| discuss therapeutic nursing interventions for nonreassuring EFM patterns |
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Definition
| increasing placental perfusion, increasing maternal blood oxygen saturation, reducing cord compression |
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Term
| discuss the indications, contraindications, risks and related therapeutic nursing interventions for patients who have an amniotomy |
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Definition
indications- used to induce labor and commit to having labor
risks- seen as harmless, but the nurse must observe for three major associated risks which are prolapse of the umbilical cord, infection of the amniotic sac and abruption placentae |
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Term
| discuss the indications, contraindications, risks and related therapeutic nursing interventions for patients who are induced |
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Definition
indication- fetal compromise, spontaneous rupture of the membranes, postterm pregnancy, chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the amniotic sac), hypertension, maternal medical condition
contraindications- placenta previa (implantation in lower uterus), vasa previa (in which fetal umbilical cord vessel branch over the amniotic save rather than inserting)
risks- uterine rupture, maternal water intoxication caused by oxytocin's antidiuretic effects |
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