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| assesment chronicle events since last meeting |
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| taking general info and looking for specifics |
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| specific facts to formulate a diagnosis |
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| used to assess partially free floating objects deep palpatation in one area to make the object palpable in another area |
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| imaging technique used to observe movement in areas being filmed uses xrays uses a "c arm" used freq to eval diaphragm heart & dig sys real times images pacemaker surgery |
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| diff density in tissue, produces similar rays used in conventional radiology ususes special scanner images not superimposed creates cross section pics |
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| spec ultrasound technique that evaluates blood as it flows thru a blood vessel major arteries and veins in abdomen neck arms legs detect buildup of plaque or a blockage in vessels can look at tumors |
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| visualization of soft tissues non invasive uses magnetic radio waves to create a field of energy produces cross sectional multiplanar image |
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| has paramagnetic properties enhances mri images used in magnetic reasonance angiography, caution to pts w dec kidney fundtion looks at blood vessels does not use radiation or contrast medium |
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| invasive procedure that combines the tomography capabilities of cat scans and radiopharmaceuticals give a high resolution image of body function demonstrated thru glucose metabolism oxygen utilization blood flow and tissue perfusion nuc med test radioactive isotope includes glucose uses radionucleotides that decay in body helpful in stagin cancer provide physiologic anatomic and biochem data |
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| remove sample of tissue w a radiographically guided method usually on brain |
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| inc level of wbc seen in infection trauma stress certain drugs tissue necrosis and inflammation |
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| dec level of wbc seen in bone marrow failure autoimmune disease dietary insufficiency and drug toxicity |
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| maj role is phagocytosis stay in circ sys for 3 days then migrate to tissue and become macrophages |
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| maj role in antigen antibody phagocytosis resp to allergic and parasitic diseases |
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| smallest number of circ WBC function similar to eosinophils a phagocytitic function if found in tissue called mast cells |
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| indirectly measures RBS mass and vol of packed RBC in whole blood |
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| main component of erythrocytes which serves as the vehicle for the transport of o2 & co2 |
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| enlarged spleen bone marrow thickens causes blood clots |
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| mean corpuscular hemoglobin volume |
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| helps to classify anemias |
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| mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
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| measure of the mass of Hgb contained by a RBC |
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| mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
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Definition
| measure of concentration of hemoglobin in a given vol of packed |
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| measures extrinsic and coumadin measures time it takes for blood to form fibrin clot is a vit K dependant protein produced by the liver measures in secs |
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| standardized test which reflects PT uses standardized thromboplastin reagent together w pt it measures coumadin should be less then 2 for pts not receiving coag therapy |
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| hemoglobin, hematocrit, aptt |
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| test to perform if pt on heparin |
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| used to test intrinsic factors of the coagulation sequence used if pt on heparin therapy vaules are 25-39 secs |
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| used to meaure intrinsic coag time more accurate than ptt seen in surgery such as coronary bypass or angioplasty pref range is 70-180 secs therapeutic range is 400-500 secs |
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| measurs the sedimentation rate of rbc in anticoagulated whole blood sample over a specific period of time non specific indicator of inflammatory disease is very sensitive and is the earlier indicator of inflammation |
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| corticosteroids can cause |
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| norm is 3.5-5 most abundany intracellular cation in blood sys responsible for transmission of electrical impulses in cardiac and skeletal muscle abnorm levels due to alt renal excretion, dietary intake, cellular metabolism |
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| what is hypercalcemia assoc w |
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| most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid most imp function is to maintain acid base bal cepeting w bicarb for na inversely related to bicarb and levels inc or dec w na levels |
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| s&s are twitching tremors slow shallow breathing dec bp |
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| s&s are weakness lethargy & deep rapid breathing |
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| end product of metabolism from skeletal muscle circulates and is excreted by kidneys ggod indicator of renal damage directly proportional to persons skeletal mass and may dec from crushing injury or degenerative muscle disease best indicator of renal function |
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| end product of protein metablolism from liver that is excreted by kidneys reflect balance between the production and excretion of urea not a sole indicator of kidney or liver diseae |
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| needed for transmission of nerve impulses and muscle relaxation if inc it diminished deep tendon reflexes |
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| norm glycosylated hemoglobin A1C |
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| What does TBG have greater affinity for |
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| what is TSH released in response to |
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| what happens when TSH is high |
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| what is consider if TSH is high |
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| what do drugs such as dilantin, lithium, and anabolic steroids do to the thyroid |
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| what is a product of purine metabolism |
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child 2-5.5
male 4.4-7-6
femalle 2.3-6.6 |
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| indicated how well kidneys are able to reabsord water from glomerulus refers to the density of liquid when compared to the density of distilled water |
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| norm urine specific gravity levels |
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| glucose spills into urine if blood sugar is |
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| what does it mean if nitrates are in urine |
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| therapeutic digoxin level |
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| therapeutic dilantin level |
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| therapeutic lithium value |
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| most sensitive protein indicator |
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| protein & calorie malnutrition |
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| what part of heart req most blood supply |
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| when heart is contracting pumping blood out of heart |
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| heart is resting and filling w blood from systemic circ |
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| causes contraction in heart |
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| who has greater risk for CAD |
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| dissecting aortic aneurysm |
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Definition
| acute onset chest pain could be |
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| pericarditis or pulm emboli |
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Definition
| if sitting and or leaning forward makes chest pain better or worse could be |
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| dissecting aortic aneurysm |
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Definition
| chest pain in back is usually |
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| pneumonia, esophageal spasm |
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Definition
| retrosternal chest pain is usually |
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| lateral side of chest pain is usually |
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| early sign of heart failure |
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| early sign of heart failure |
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| orthopnea (dyspnea when lying flat) |
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| advanced symptom of heart disease |
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| if cough is cardiac in nature it will be |
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| hypovolemia or heart failure |
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Definition
| what does systole bp of < 100 mean |
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| location is oral mucousa assoc w cardiopulmonary prob |
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| due to vasoconstriction vascular occlusion or dec cardiac output |
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| cool clammy skin is sign of |
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| right sided heart failure |
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Definition
| edema taunt skin edema is sign of |
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| chronic cardipulm disease |
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| small yellow raised plaques on eyelibds that may indicate hyperlipidema |
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| ext jugular vein pulsation may be seen where |
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| int jugular vein pulsations may be seen where |
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| what does elevated JVP indicate |
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| what does low JVP indicate |
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| HTN, aortic stenosis aneurysm |
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Definition
| what does large bounding visible pulsations in the neck or suprasternal notch indicate |
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Definition
| vibration created by turbulent blood flow |
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| l ventricular hypertrophy |
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Definition
| displaced apical pulsation toward axillary line |
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Definition
| pulsation to right of sternum or in epigastrum |
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| pressure wave created by strength of the ventricular contraction acceptable is smooth upstroke w smooth less acute descent |
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| 45 degree angle or less apply 20-30 mmhg of pressure to the mid abdominal area for 15-30 sec visualize the jugular venous pulsation abnormal is psitive reflux sustained inc in JVP above 4 cm |
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| vagal stim (vomiting, suctioning) causes |
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| audible low putched sounds created by turblulent flow out side of heart called murmor if turbulent flow is inside heart |
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| marks beginning of ventricular systole results from closure of mitral and tricuspid valves |
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| lower left sternal border or apex (mitral area) |
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| marks end of systole and beginning of diastole results from closure of aortic and pulmonic valces high pitched |
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| S3 gallop rhythm (vent gallop) |
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| occurs when blood flows from atrium to stiff ventricles heard best at apex l lateral position low pitched early distolic freg assoc w tachycardia |
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| s4 gallop rhythm (atrial gallop) |
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| sound produced when blood enters the ventricle during the active filling phase at end of ventricular diastole apex l sternal border w pt in l lateral position low pitched late distolic |
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| auscultation of both s3 and s4 indic severe heart failure sounds like horse galloping |
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Definition
| reflect turbulent blood flow thru intact or abnormal valves classified according to their timing in cardia cycle |
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Definition
| aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation |
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| mitral stenosis and aortic regurg |
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| impending sense of doom pt says feel like going to die hole in lung |
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| what does rust colored sputum indic |
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| what happens to alveoli in elderly |
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| elders have a dec with resps |
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| pursed lip breathing indicates |
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Definition
| leaning forward and or using chair arms for support |
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| rapid deep resp assoc w metabolic acidosis diabetic ketoacidosis lactic acidosis |
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| palpapable vibration when pt speaks elevate airflow and density of underlying tissue volume "99" top to botton simultaneously compare side to side |
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| crackles are produced because of |
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| velcrow rales if they have |
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| low pitched sonorous wheezes indicates mucous secretions in lg airway usually on expiratory, may go away w cough |
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| continous sounds due to narrow of airway, inflammation, musical asthma copd bronchspasm |
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| continuous harsh high pitch honking sound emergent, upperr airway obc or spasm trach and larynx |
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| abnorm clarity of spoken word say 99 norm muffled indistinct over consolidated lung tissue very clear pneumonia atelectasis tumor |
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| says letter e soft unmuffled abnorm sounds like a pulm hemmorage or edema |
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