Term
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Definition
| substance that dissolved in water, acquires an electrical charge |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Parathyroid hormone, weight-bearing exercise |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcitonin, Aldosterone, ADH |
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Term
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Definition
Major ECF cation
Minimum requirement is 2g
Essential in the Na\K pump
controls and regulates body fluids
generation and transmission of nerve impulses |
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Term
Hyponatremia
risk factors (Causes) |
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Definition
Not very common
Long NPO, diuretics, GI losses, wounds, decreased secretion of aldosterone, renal disease |
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Term
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Definition
Excessive ingestion of hypotonic fluid (water intoxication)
Hypotonic IV fluids (quickly metabolizes glucose into water)
Psychogenic polydipsia (increase thirst and fluid intake!)
Irrigation with hypotonic fluids (ex. NG flush with saline not water)
SIADH |
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Term
| Hyponatremia Clinical Manifestation |
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Definition
Think neurological
Cerebral swelling
Headache
Seizures
behavioral changes (lathargic)
neurological changes |
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Term
Hyponatremia
Clinical manifestations |
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Definition
| Rapid pulse, increased urine output, increased Gi motility, mucle weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, rapid, shallow resp., crackles, seizures and coma (if left untreated) |
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Term
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Definition
Serum NA-<135
USG-decreased
Serum Osmolaliry-decreased
Treat it by giveing sodium replacement and fluid restriction |
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Term
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Definition
| Fall risk, walking around, safety, walking around, their orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitor I's and O's, vital signs, daily weights, fluid types IV, Mental changes to normal, alert oriented, watch labs, salt food. |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased water intake
excessive water loss
increased metabolism (infection, cancer)
V and D, suction, wounds, drainage, diuretics, Mimics FVD |
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Term
| Would we commonly see Hypernatremia due to increase sodium intake? |
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Definition
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Term
Hypernatremia
Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
Drop in BP
Urine is darker
Agitation, confusion, seizures
late: lethargy, coma
USG and OSMO-increase
NV-anorexia
Muscle twitch and tremors
Late: muscle weakness, diminished DTR
Fever flushing |
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Term
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Definition
Skin flushed
Agitation
Low-grade fever
Thirst |
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Term
Hypernatremia
In. (ones that aren't normal) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Easily lost in GU and GI
Neuromuscular excitability
Regulated by aldosterone |
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Term
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Definition
| Diuretics, corticosteroids, watch for dig toxicity (they compete for same receptor on heart), V\D, Gi suction, wound drainage, wound drainage, poor intake, increased aldosterone secretion |
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Term
| Hypokalemia Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
Card-tachy, thready, irregular pulse, dysrhthmia
fatigue, muscle weakness, shallow resp, muscle cramps, decreased Gi motility
Paralytic ileus |
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Term
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Definition
| their breathing, HR, activity, Nausea, Safety |
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Term
| Hypokalemia interventions |
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Definition
| Check bowel sounds, HR, eat foods high in potassium, output, adequate kidney function,. watch weakness, fall assessment |
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Term
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Definition
| too much intake, blood transfusions, too little output, sever crush injuries, burns, pot. spar diuretics, renal disease, adrenal insufficiency |
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Term
| Hyperkalemia Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
Numbness (paresthesias) in arms and legs, muscle weakness, decreased, irregular heart rate, cardiac output and BP
ECG abnormalities-cardiac arrest
Diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds |
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Term
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Definition
Reduce the K and treat underlying cause
Mild excess: diuretics
Kayexalate (helps get K out by GI)
Insulin (get out of blood and into the cells)
Dialysis |
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Term
Hyperkalemia
INterventions |
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Definition
| Watch I and O's, check IV solution, Vitals |
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Term
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Definition
8.5 to 10,1
ICF and ECF
bounds to albumin in body
RDA is 800-1200 a day
Needed for blood clotting, nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction and formation of bones and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
Not enough intake along with decreased vitD
too much loss
Low Albumin
Removal of parathyroid glands
Hypoparathyroidism
Malabsorption conditions
Alcohol abuse |
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Term
Hypocalcemia
Clinical Manifestations |
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Definition
Positive Chvostek's and Troussaue's sign, tetany, hyperactive reflexes
Resp Issues
Tingling around the lips (paresthesia)
Muscle cramps
Seizure
ECG changes
Hyperactive GI
Labs
Increased INR, PT and PTT (clotting factors)
Low calcium increase bleeding risk |
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Term
Hypocalcemia
Interventions |
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Definition
| Monitor for bleeding, I's and O's Thyroid surgery, IV Calcium , oral Tums can help sometimes, listen to lung sounds, assess muscle reflexes |
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Term
Hypercalcemia
Risk factors |
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Definition
Hyerparathyroidism
Cancer (bone)
Medications (vit D overdoes)
Fractures (prolonged immobilization) |
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Term
Hypercalcemia
Clinical Manifestation |
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Definition
Muscle weakness, decreased reflexes
Confusion
Hypoactive GI
Renal calculi(at risk for kidney stones)
EKG Changes (Cardiac arrect)
Increased clotting risk
(Too much clotting) |
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Term
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Definition
hydration, decrease calcium intake, diuretics\steroids
Dialysis |
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Term
Hypercalcemia
Interventions |
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Definition
| Monitor HR, neuro-status, watch clotting factors, kidney stones, watch for calf pain (get the pt. moving) |
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