Term
| What is released within seconds from mast cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Immature blood borne phagocyte |
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Definition
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Term
| Mature phagocyte - in tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| Monocytes are produced in? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long does it take for Macrophages to get to inflammation site? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cells do macrophages replace at inflammation site? |
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Definition
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Term
| Macrophage activation produces what affects? (4) |
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Definition
| increased size of plasma membrane, increased glucose metab., increased lysosomes, increased secretory products |
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Term
| WBC that is primary defense against parasites |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Neutrophils - granulocyte
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils - granulocyte
Basophils - granulocyte
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Term
| What cells recognize & eliminate cells infected with virus, abnormal host cells, & some cancers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has two thumbs and wishes Dr. Walsh would slow down a bit? |
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Definition
| Look at Buck pointing to himself with both pollical |
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Term
| What cellular component contributes to clotting |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fragments of this form platelets |
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Term
| Process by which cells ingest and dispose of foreign material |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Neutrophils & Macrophages |
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Term
| Produce adhesion molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Process of leukocytes adhering to endothelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Process of cells emigrating through endothelial junctions |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of phagocytosis (5) |
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Definition
| 1. Opsonizaton, recognition, & adherance, 2. Engulfment, 3. Phagosome formation, 4. fusion with lysosomal granules, 5. Destruction of target |
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Term
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Definition
| the term "cytokine" has been used to refer to the immunomodulating agents, such as interleukins and interferons, small cell signaling proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| Interleukins & Interferons, also Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytokine - protects against viral infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Cytokine - produces by macrophages & lymphocytes in response to patho, can be stimulated by other inflam. |
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Term
| Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
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Definition
| Cytokine - secreted by macro. In response to Toll-like receptor recognition, fever through endogenous pyrogens |
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Term
| Cytokine causing muscle wasting (cachexia) & intervascular thrombosis |
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Definition
| Tumor Necrosis Factor - alpha |
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Term
| Family of low molecular weight peptides that induce leukocyte chemotaxis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus |
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Term
| movement of cell along chemical gradient |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces by several types of cells and promote WBC chemotaxis |
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Term
| Acute inflammation - local manifestations |
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Definition
| swelling, pain, heat, redness |
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Term
| Vascular changes and leakage of circulation components into tissue occur with? |
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Definition
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Term
| Leaks from injury or wound |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin watery exudate - blister |
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Definition
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Term
| Thick and clotted exudate |
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Definition
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Term
| Exudate that is accumulation of WBC; common in bacterial infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Exudate with erythrocytes present |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving pyrogens |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| endogenous pyrogents and exogenous pyrogents (from patho.) act directly on hypothalamus |
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Term
| What gland is affected by endogenous and exogenous pyrogens? What is result? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased number of circulating WBC's |
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Definition
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Term
| Leukocytosis is a ________ shift? |
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Definition
| Left shift: increase in immature cells ("bands") compared to mature cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Acute inflammation systemic manifestation involving increased production of proteings |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasma Protein Synthesis products (3) |
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Definition
C-reactive protein (CRP),
fibrinogen,
plasminogen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Type of healing involving sealing the wound |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of healing involving shrinking the wound |
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Definition
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Term
| Restores tensile strength to damaged tissue; in scar |
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Definition
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Term
| Injured tissue returns to original structure and function |
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Definition
| Resolution AKA Regeneration |
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Term
| Heals under conditions of minimal tissue loss |
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Definition
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Term
| Healing requires more tissue replacement, e.g. an open wound |
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Definition
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Term
| Phase of healing where fibrin clot replaced by normal tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| How long before healing reconstructive phase begins |
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Definition
| 3-4 days and continues up to 2 weeks |
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Term
| Reconstructive phase compnents (6 from ppt slide 43) |
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Definition
| 1. Granulation tissue, 2. Fibroblast proliferation, 3. Collagen synthesis, 4. Epithelialization, 5. Wound contraction, 6. Cellular differentiation |
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Term
| Maturation phase components |
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Definition
| 1. Continue collagent matrix assembly, 2. Tissue regeneration, 3. Wound contraction, 4. begin post injury process up to 2 years., 5 continual cell differentiation, 6. Avascular scar tissue is remodeled |
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Term
| What is difference between Reconstructive and Maturation phases of healing? |
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Definition
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Term
| When wound won't heal properly it is? |
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Definition
| Dysfunctional Wound Healing |
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Term
| Dysfunctional healing with impaired collagen synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| raised scar extending beyond wound margins; impaired collagen synthesis; likely to reoccur if surgically removed |
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Term
| Dysfunctional healing with raised area within wound margin - regresses over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Dysfunctional healing caused by suppressing with anti inflammatory steroid, hypoxemia, radiation or nutritional deficits |
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Definition
| Impaired epithelialization |
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Term
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Definition
| Dysfunctional Wound Healing - wound opens from infection, broken sutures, obesity increases risk |
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Term
| What type of solution should be used to cleanse wound to promote epithelialization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What conditions in older adults is likely to impair inflammation? |
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Definition
| Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc . . . (ppt slide 48) |
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Term
| What population would see healing response diminished due to lower skin regen. Ability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What population has more common infections? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - Innate resistance - Natural barriers - Inflammation or Inflammatory Response - Adaptive or Acquired immunity |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural or Native immunity |
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Term
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Definition
1st line of defense
Skin, mucous membranes (GU, GI) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Adaptive/Acquired Immunity |
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Definition
- 3rd line of defense - involves memory - get it once and body remembers.
- increases over first year
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Term
| Barriers - physical/mechanical |
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Definition
-1st line:
Slough off (dead skin,)
expel (coughing,)
low temp. (skin to dissuade growth.)
trap patho. (mucus, hairs,)
vomit (toxins or pathogens,)
Flush (urine,) |
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Term
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Definition
-physical/mechanical -biochemical
Lysozymes
sebaceous glands
epithelial secretions - peptides
normal flora |
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Term
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Definition
Non patho bacteria that live in/on body and help
Can become patho if grow out of control (homeostasis) |
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Term
| 1st Line - epithelial secretions |
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Definition
Biochemical barrier
-mucus -sweat* - saliva* - tears* - earwax * contain lysozyme |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st line of defense -biochemical - found in sweat, saliva & tears. From lysozomes |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st line, biochemical defense, fatty and lactic acids kill bacteria and fungi |
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Term
| Epithelial cells secretions |
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Definition
| antimicrobial peptides are toxic to bacteria, fungi, viruses |
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Term
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Definition
1st line, biochemical barrier, bacteria that colonize body.
- non-patho. (can become path. if out of balance.)
- increase in population during 1st year
- digest fatty acids and polysaccharides
- assist absorption of Ca++, Fe & Mg
- Vit. K
- Lactobacillus in vagina (live cultures found in yogurt.)
- goal - inhibit pathogen colonies |
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Term
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Definition
| Too much antibiotics usage can damage the normal flora of the system, opening body up to pathogenic invaders. |
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Term
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Definition
Inflammatory response
-any injury to vascular tissue activates |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd line
-Redness
-Heat
-Swelling
-Pain
-Loss of funciotn |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
2nd line
Valodilation ^ blood flow to area
Increased vascular permeability - leakage of fluid, causes edema
White blood cells - adhere to inner vessels walls and migrate through |
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Term
| Inflammation benefits (4) |
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Definition
1 -Limits & controls tissue damage - influx of WBC prevent speed of pathogen to healthy tissue
2 -Prevent Infection w/ influx of fluid
3 - Initiate adaptive immune response: influx of macrophage & lymphocytes
4- initiate healing: remove bacteria & cellular products; activate repair mechanisms |
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Term
| Inflammation durations/Phases (2) |
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Definition
Acute: 8-10 Days
Chronic: weeks - months (and
may result in Granulomatosus) |
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Term
|
Definition
-contains the infection
-does not pose threat to individual
-A mass of inflamed granulation tissue, usually associated with ulcerated infections.
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Term
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Definition
-MOST IMPORTANT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ACTIVATOR
-Contains granules (macrophage)
-found in loose connective tissue near blood vessels, skin, GI lining & respiratory tract
-activated by physical injury, chemical agents, immunological proceses
-Degranulation --> Mast cells release granules
-Synthesis - new production and release of mediators
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Term
|
Definition
Mast cells
- Chemotactic factors
- release of granules
-Neutrophil chemotactic factor ("here neutro, neutro, neutophil suuuuuuu-eee) - kills bacteria in ealy inflammation stages
-Eosinophil chemotactic factor. (calls Eosinophils and helps regulate inflammatory response.) |
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Term
| Mast Cell Degranulation - Histamine |
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Definition
-Released within seconds
-Vasoactive amine
-temp., rapid smooth muscle constriction and postcapillary venule dilation --> increased blood flow to microcirculation
- increased vascular permeability
-Binds to receptors: H1 (pro-infla.,) H2 (anti-infla.)
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Term
TQ from slide 15:
How do antihistamines work? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
- Sulfer containing lipids
- effects similar to histamine, but slower responses
- important in latter states of imflammator response
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Term
|
Definition
- effects similar to leukotrienes
- produce pain
- ASA & NSAIDS block synthesis of prostaglandin E
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Term
| Platelet Activating Factor |
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Definition
Mast cell synthesis of mediator
- effects similar to leukotrienese and platelet activation. |
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Term
| Plasma Protein Systems (3) |
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Definition
- Complement
- Coagulation
- Kinin
All 3 systems have inactive enzymes (proenzymes) that are sequetially activated: 1st is converted to active enzyme, then becomes the next component in series) |
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Term
|
Definition
- Activated, can destroy pathogens directly
- Interact with other components of inflam. response
- Most potent proteins
- 3 Pathways: Classic, Lectin, Alternative
- Opsonins - coat bacteria
- Anaphylatoxins --> rapid degranulation of mast cells
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Term
| Complement System Pathways (3) |
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Definition
- Classical - activated by aquired immunity proteins
- Lectin - activated by bacterial CHO
- Alternative - activated by gram-negative bacteria & fungal polysacccharides
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Term
|
Definition
part of plasma protein - complement system
coats bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
Part of plasma protein - complement system
Induces rapid degranulation of mast cells |
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Term
|
Definition
Plasma protein system
1. forms fibrinous mesh at site
2. prevents infection's spread
3. keeps pathogen @ site of greatest inflam. cell activity
4. forms clot to stop bleeding
5. framework for repair and healing
6. fibrin - primary substance, insoluble protein.
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Term
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Definition
| Insoluble protein primary in the coagulation/clotting system |
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Term
|
Definition
Plasma protein system
1. Interacts w/ clotting system
2. Activates & assists inflammatory cells
3. Factor XII - prekallikrein
4. Bradykinin - final product
5. Causes dilation of blood vessels, pain, sm. muscle contact., vascular permeability, & leukocyte chemotaxis |
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Term
|
Definition
Final product of Kinin System (plasma protein system)
Causes dilation of blood vessels, pain, smooth muscle contraction, vascular permeability, and leukocyte chemotaxis |
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Term
| Cellular components of Inflamation (7) |
|
Definition
1. Neutrophils
2. Eosinophils
3. Basophils
4 Platelets
5. Monocytes
6. Lymphocytes
7. NK - Natural Killer Cells
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|
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Term
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
1. AKA polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)
2. Predominate in early inflammatory responses
3. Ingest bacteria, dead cells, and cellular debris
4. Cells are short lived and become a component of the purulent exudate (pus) |
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Term
|
Definition
Cellular component of inflamation
Mono. - immature cell in blood
Macro. - mature in cell tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
1. immature in blood
2. produced in bone marrow, enter circ. & migrate to inflam. site, develop into macrophages.
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Term
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
1. arrive @ inflam. site after 24 hrs & replace neutrophils
2. activation results in increased size, plasma membrane area , glucose metab. lysozomes & secretions. |
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Term
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
1. Mildly phagocytic
2. Parasites - primary defense
3. Regulates vascular mediators released from Mast cells |
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Term
| Natural Killer (NK) Cells |
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
Recognize and elimate cells infected with viruses and abnormal host cells, some cancer cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
Cell. component of inflam.
1. Cytoplasmic fragments formed from megakaryocytes;
2. circulate in blood until needed;
3. interact with components of clotting system;
4. stop bleeding
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Term
|
Definition
| Common point in coagulation cascade |
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|
Term
| purulent exudate is composed primarily of what cell |
|
Definition
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