Term
| the solidification process of the sutures is completed by the ___ yr of life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the major bones of the cranium |
|
Definition
frontial
parietal
temporal
occipital |
|
|
Term
| what are the bones of the face? |
|
Definition
frontal
maxillae
zygomatic
nasal
ethmoid
lacrimal
sphenoid
mandible |
|
|
Term
| the lateral canthus of the eye forms a straight line with the ____ and the nasolabial folds are equal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the neck are formed by the ____ cervical vertebrae, ligaments and muscles which support the cranium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 1st cervical vertebra(C1) is commonly called the _____, which carries the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 2nd cervical vertebra (C2) is commonly called ____ which allows for the movement of the head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which vertebra has the largest movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the 7th cervical vertebra (vertebra prominens) has the largest ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this cervical vertebrae is visible and easily palpated, making it a definite landmark during client assessment |
|
Definition
| 7th cervical vertebrae(vertebra prominens) |
|
|
Term
| what are the primary muscles of the neck |
|
Definition
| sternocleidomastoid and trapezuis |
|
|
Term
| the sternoocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve? and originates where? and the insertion of this muscle is where? |
|
Definition
cranial nerve XI(accessory)
originate at the manubrium of the sternum and the medial portion of the clavicles.
insertion is at the mastoid process of the temporal bones |
|
|
Term
| trapizuis muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve? where does it originate? and where is this muscle insertion? |
|
Definition
cranial nerve XI (accessory)
originates on the occipital bone of the skull and spine of several vertebrae
insertion is on the scapulae and lateral third of the clavicles |
|
|
Term
| the mandible, the midline of the neck and the anterior aspect of the sternocleidomastoid muscles border the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the trapezius muscle, the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the clavicle form the _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the only bone in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the curved shape of the bone produces a horn at each end that is palpable just inferior to the angle of the jaw. this serves as a landmark for assessing structures of the neck, especially the trachea and the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is the largest cartilage of the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the C-shaped rings (1st cartilage ring anchored to the trachea) are palpable where |
|
Definition
| superior to the sternum at the midline of the neck |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest gland of the endocrine system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape is the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the face and scalp |
|
Definition
facial expressions
movement of head and neck |
|
|
Term
| the ____ of the thyroid connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the arteries and veins of the neck |
|
Definition
temporal artery
carotid arteries
external jugular vein
internal jugular veins |
|
|
Term
| which salivary gland is behind the ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which salivary gland is under the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid gland has how many lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| thyroid gland secretes _______ which stimulates rate of cellular metabolism in T4 and T3 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| system that detects and eliminates foreign substances from body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ filter lymph and engulf foreign substances preventing them from entering circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape and texture of the lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the preauricular lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the occipital lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the postauricular lymph node |
|
Definition
| behind the ear, over the outer surface of the mastoid bone |
|
|
Term
| where is the submental lymph node |
|
Definition
| behind the tip of the mandible at the midline |
|
|
Term
| where is the submaxillary(submandibular) lymph node |
|
Definition
| medial border of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| where is the retropharyngeal(tonsillar) lymph node |
|
Definition
| at the junction of the posterior and lateral alls of the pharynx at the angle of the jaw |
|
|
Term
| where is the superficial cervical lymph node |
|
Definition
| anterior to and over the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| where is the deep cervical lymph node |
|
Definition
| posterior to and under the sternocleidomastoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| where is the supraclavicular lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphatics are located throughout the body but only palpable where |
|
Definition
head
neck
arms
axillae
inguinal regions |
|
|
Term
| when lymph nodes are active they stay active for up to how many weeks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an infants head should be measured at each visit until he or she is how old |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the newborns head is about how many cm? and is generally equal to the chest circumference |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which fontanel is diamond shaped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which fontanel is triangular in shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior fontanel closes at how many months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the anterior fontanel closes at how many months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| by how many months is the infant beginning to demonstrate control of head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thyroid is difficult to palpate on an infant, but it can be accomplished on a child using how many fingers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pregnant female may develop blotchy pigmented spots (melasma) on her face, facial edema and enlarged thyroid. all of these symptoms are considered normal and subside after childbirth. the pregnant female may also complain of headaches during the 1st trimester which may be related to increase _____. serious headaches especially in late pregnancy are associated with ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a serious pregnancy-induced syndrome of high blood pressure, fluid retention and protein excretion in the urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| preeclampsia can result in what |
|
Definition
| in restricted blood flow to the placenta and harm to the developing fetus |
|
|
Term
| the loss of subcutaneous tissue in the face causes |
|
Definition
sagging skin
wrinkles
more prominent cheekbones |
|
|
Term
| rigidity of cervical vertebrae causes _____ of head and neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the loss of hormones causes what to the eyebrows |
|
Definition
| them to be coarse and sparse |
|
|
Term
| which cultures cover their head and face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this causes facial deformity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| some infants have a flat occipital prominence(plagiocephaly) which may result from |
|
Definition
| putting them to sleep on their backs |
|
|
Term
| thyroid disease is common in areas where ____ is limited |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| iodine deficiency disorders include what |
|
Definition
| goiter and hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| they are overseeing global programs to increase the use of iodized salt to prevent hypothyroidism and goiter |
|
Definition
| World health organizations (WHO) |
|
|
Term
| iodine deficiencies occur in areas with soil poor in iodine. these areas include |
|
Definition
eastern europe
parts of south america
australia
western US |
|
|
Term
| goiter and hypothyroidism is a big problem where |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hypothyroidism is more common in ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are you some good subjective examination/health history questions to ask for the head and neck |
|
Definition
"are you having any problems with your head or neck today?"(lumps, swelling)
"have you had any recent illnesses?" |
|
|
Term
| what is the term for difficulty swallowing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the term for difficulty eating |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are you looking for when you do the inspection and palpation of the face |
|
Definition
structures
symmetry
ROM of TMJ |
|
|
Term
| what are you looking for when you do the inspection and palpation of the neck |
|
Definition
symmetry
ROM
carotid/jugular veins
lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| **when assessing the lymph nodes what are you looking for |
|
Definition
size
shape
delimitation
mobility
consistency
tenderness |
|
|
Term
| over or undersecretion by the thyroid gland may cause |
|
Definition
rapid weight gain or loss
erratic temperature regulation
fatigue
dyspnea (painful breathing)
mood swings |
|
|
Term
| head injury can result in |
|
Definition
| acute or chronic neurologic problems |
|
|
Term
| dizziness, loss of consciousness, seizures or blurred vision may indicate problems with |
|
Definition
| carotid arteries, cerebral clots or bleeding, recent head injury or neurologic disease |
|
|
Term
| swelling, masses and lesions that do not heal may indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lateral neck masses are usually due to |
|
Definition
| enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, indicative of infection or malignancy |
|
|
Term
| swelling in the medial aspect of the neck may be indicative of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the rationale for the question "has your neck been weak, sore or stiff? |
|
Definition
| neck symptoms may indicate problems with the muscles of the neck or the cervical spinal cord or an infectious problem such as meningitis |
|
|
Term
| use of alcohol, tobacco, street drugs, and large amounts of caffeine can affect neurologic function and ____ headaches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a depressed fontanel can indicate _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a bulging fontanel can indicate an _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| radiation exposure increases the risk for thyroid tumors. yes or no |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thyroid is palpated for |
|
Definition
| movement, texture, identification of size or abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| the lymph nodes of the head and neck are palpated to |
|
Definition
| evaluate enlargement, tenderness, and mobility |
|
|
Term
| the temporal artery is auscultated.true or false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in adults, the skull should be ______, that is a rounded and symmetric shape |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carotid artery pulsation is usually visble ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the trachea is visible ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what moves with swallowing |
|
Definition
| trachea, hyoid bone and tracheal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| jerky movements or tics of the head, face and eyes may be a result of |
|
Definition
| neurologic or psychologic disoders |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerves control movement of the eye |
|
Definition
| III(oculomotor), IV(Trochlear), VI(abducens) |
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve stimulates movement for mastication |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cranial nerve controls movement of the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| while you palpate the head and scalp what should you note |
|
Definition
| contour, size and texture |
|
|
Term
| while you palpate the head and scalp what abnormalities should you note? |
|
Definition
| tenderness, swelling, edema, or masses which require further evaluation |
|
|
Term
| when you palpate the temporal artery (between the eye and the top of the ear) the artery should feel smooth. but if you feel any thickening or tenderness that could indicate |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the artery |
|
|
Term
| when you auscultate the temporal artery, which part of the stethoscope do you use |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| you use the bell of the stethoscope to auscultate the temporal artery looking for a ______ |
|
Definition
| bruit(a soft blowing sound) |
|
|
Term
| do you usually hear bruits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is bruits indicative of |
|
Definition
| stenosis(narrowing of the vessel) |
|
|
Term
| when you place your fingers in front of each ear and ask the client to open and close the mouth slowly. there should be no limitation of movement or tenderness. you should feel a slight ______ of the joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if you hear soft clicking noises while doing TMJ is that normal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crepitation, a cracking sound on movement of TMJ indicates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when you palpate the thyroid gland do you do it from the front or back |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive rigidity of the neck may indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inability to hold the neck erect may be due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| any pain or limitation of movement when you are doing the ROM of the neck that indicates |
|
Definition
| arthritis, muscle spasm or inflammation |
|
|
Term
| rapid movement and compression of the cerebral vertebrae may cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if any distention or prominence while observing the carotid arteries and jugular veins may indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the result of masses in the neck or mediastinum, pneumothorax, or pulmonary fibrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is the thyroid observable |
|
Definition
| when the client swallows. so give the client a cup of water |
|
|
Term
| if the client has any enlargement of the thyroid or masses near the thyroid, they appear as _____ when the client swallows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the thyroid moves _____ as the client swallows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what can you do so you can see the thyroid better |
|
Definition
| adjust the lighting in the room so that shadows are cast on the clients neck. |
|
|
Term
| with the clients head turned slightly to the right, you use your left hand to push the trachea to the right. use light pressure during palpation to avoid obliterating findings. with the fingers of the _____ hand, palpate the area between the trachea and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. slowly and gently retract the sternocleidomastoid muscle and then ask the client to drink a sip of water. palpate as the thyroid glands moves up during swalowing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an enlarged thyroid gland may be due to a metabolic disorder such as _____. palpable masses of ______ are alterations in health. there _____,____, and ___ should be documented |
|
Definition
hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
5 mm or larger
location, shape and size |
|
|
Term
| enlarged thyroid gland during pregnancy can be a normal finding. however most pathologic hyperthyroidism in pregnancy is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an autoimmune disorder that causes increased production of thyroid hormone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enlargement of lymph nodes is called what? and can be due to what |
|
Definition
lymphadenopathy
infection, allergies, or a tumor |
|
|
Term
| the presence of a bruit is an abnormal and is indication of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this is usually preceded by an aura during which the client may feel depressed, restless, or irritable; see spots or flashes of light; feel nauseated; or experience numbing or tingling in the face or extremites |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| classic migraine it is usually a pulsating pain that is localized to the ________ of the head and may be accompanied by nausea, vertigo, tremors and other symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the acute phase of a classic migraine typically lasts how long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do you classic migraines have aura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do cluster headaches have aura? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this headache is named that way because numerous episodes occur over a period of days or even months and then are followed by a period of remission during which no headaches occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is cluster headaches sudden |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cluster headaches may be associated with |
|
Definition
| alcohol consumption, stress or emotional distress |
|
|
Term
| this headache suddenly begins at night with an excruciating pain on one side of the face spreading upward behind one eye. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long do cluster headaches last |
|
Definition
| for only a few minutes or up to a few hours |
|
|
Term
| the nose and affected eye water, and nasal congestion is common with this headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a tension headache is also known as |
|
Definition
| muscle contraction headache |
|
|
Term
| this headache is due to sustained contractions of the muscles in the head, neck, or upper back. |
|
Definition
| tension headache (muscle contraction headache) |
|
|
Term
| what is the onset of tension headache |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this headache the pain is usually steady, not throbbing. the pain may be unilateral or bilateral and typically ranges from the cervical region to the top of the head |
|
Definition
| tension headache (muscle contraction headache) |
|
|
Term
| tension headaches may be associated with |
|
Definition
| stress, overwork, position, dental problems, premenstrual syndrome, sinus inflammation and other health problems |
|
|
Term
| is the enlargement of the head caused by inadequate drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in abnormal growth of the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the early closure of sutures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with early closure of the sagittal suture, the head _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| with early closure of the coronal sutures, the head, face and orbits are ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the enlargement of the bones, facial features, hands and feet due to INCREASED GROWTH HORMONE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is a temporary disorder affecting cranial neves VII(facial) and producing a UNILATERAL FACIAL PARALYSIS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is bells palsy usually caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the onset of bells palsy |
|
Definition
| sudden and it usually resolves spontaneously in a few weeks without residual effects |
|
|
Term
| is an INCREASED ADRENAL HORMONE PRODUCTION leading to a rounded "moon" face, ruddy cheeks, prominent jowls, and excess facial hair |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT CAUSES CUSHING SYNDROME |
|
Definition
| long term use of corticosteriods |
|
|
Term
| is a chromosomal defect causing varying degrees of mental retardation and characteristic facial features such as slanted eyes; a flat nasal bridge, a flat nose; a protuding tongue; and a short, broad neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MASK LIKE APPEARANCE OF THE FACE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| parkisons disease is the result of |
|
Definition
| decrease in dopamine, a neurotransmitter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cerebrovascular accident/brain attack(stroke) |
|
|
Term
| is a disorder characterized by epicanthal folds, narrow palpebral fissures, a deformed upper lip below the septum of the nose, and some degree of mental retardation. |
|
Definition
| Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) |
|
|
Term
| is a spasm of the muscles supplied by the spinal accessory nerve, causing lateral flexion contracture of the cervical spine musculature. it may be a result of birth trauma(congenital), scars, disease of teh cervical vertebrae, abscesses, TMJ, tumores or other problems in the cervical area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if torticollis is left untreated the muscle becomes _____ |
|
Definition
| fibrotic and permanently shortened |
|
|
Term
**what are the signs of hyperthyroidism?
|
|
Definition
| Results in enlargement of the gland, exophthalmos(bulging eyes), thinnning hair, weight loss, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| excessive production of thyroid hormones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GOITER is an enlarged thyroid gland which may be caused by _____ |
|
Definition
| hyperthyrodism or hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
| **general term for enlarged thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common type of hyperthyroidism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| **what are the signs of hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
| fatigue, weakness, weight gain, constipation, memory impairment |
|
|
Term
| can occur following radiation of the thyroid, chronic goiter, or as a result of hereditary factors. they are malignant tumors in hormone-producing cells or supporting cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is produced in the thyroid carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in congenital hypothyrodism, the thyroid is nonfunctioning at ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this severe hypothyroidism causes nonpitting edema throughout the body and thickening of facial features. complications of this disease affect major organ systems. results in cardiovascular collapse, electrolyte disturbances, respiratory depression and cerebral hypoxia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. this inflammation may cause release of stored hormones, resulting in temporary hyperthyroidism of weeks or months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| postpartum thyroidism is a temporary condition occuring in _____ % of the females population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is an autoimmune disease that results in primary hypothyroidism. this form of thyroidtis occurs most frequenty in females and tends to be familial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| **the nurse is preparing to teach an expectant parent class and includes information about signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism because |
|
Definition
| congenital hypothyroidism is a cause of mental retardation |
|
|
Term
| **what should the nurse ask the client to do to make the palpation of the supraclavicular nodes easier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| **when preparing to do an assessment of a client presenting to the clinic with head and neck problems, in what order will the nurse perform the assessment? |
|
Definition
1. interview
2. inspect
3. palpate
4. auscultate |
|
|
Term
| to physically examine the trachea and thyroid gland, the nurse begins with the |
|
Definition
|
|
