Term
True or False
Pharmacokinetics describes how drugs change body responses. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Absorption is generally faster across thinner membranes, compared with thicker membranes. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Drugs more highly bound to plasma proteins are distributed more easily than drugs not bound to plasma proteins. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Young and elderly clients usually metabolize drugs more slowly than middle-age clients. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The main organs involved with excretion are the kidneys; however, other involved organs include the lungs, gallbladder, skin, and associated glands. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
A drug with a half-life of 5 hours will take longer to be eliminated from the body than a drug with a half-life of 10 hours. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Factors influencing the success of drug therapy include drug dosing, frequency of dosing, and a changing medical condition. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
According to the receptor theory, most drug actions can be linked to a specific receptor. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
Drug antagonists are facilitators of drug action. |
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Definition
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Term
True or False
The term potency refers to the ability of a drug to produce a more intense response as the concentration is increased. |
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Definition
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Term
| The four major areas of pharmacokinetics are _____, ________, __________, and _________. |
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Definition
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion |
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Term
| ___________ is a process whereby most drugs are deactivated when passing through the liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| Agents that become more active as they are exposed to detoxifying organs, such as the liver and kidneys, are called ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A mechanism called the _____________ decreases the activity of most drugs traveling through the liver. |
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Definition
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Term
| Breakdown products of drug metabolism are called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
Drugs secreted in the bile are often recycled in the liver because of a mechanism referred to as _________
________. |
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Definition
| enterohepatic recirculation |
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Term
| As discussed in the text, rate of elimination and ________ are two variables helpful in determining how long a drug will remain in the bloodstream and are thus indicators of how long a drug will last. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ deals with how drugs affect body responses. |
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Definition
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Term
| The classic theory about the cellular mechanism by which most drugs produce a response is called the ________ theory. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____________ is a drug’s strength at a particular concentration or dose, while __________ is the effectiveness of a drug in producing a more intense response as the concentration is increased. |
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Definition
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Term
Pharmacokinetics or Pharmacodynamics
Concentration (dose) of an administered drug
Presence of food in the digestive tract
Frequency of drug dosing
Age of client |
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Definition
Pharmacokinetics or Pharmacodynamics
Concentration (dose) of an administered drug
Pharmacodynamics
Presence of food in the digestive tract
Pharmacokinetics
Frequency of drug dosing
Pharmacodynamics
Age of client
Pharmacokinetics |
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Term
Faster or Slower Absorption/Distribution Rate
Warmer dispensing temperature
Absence of food in the digestive tract
Smaller surface area at absorption site
Binding of a drug to plasma proteins
Thin membranes (i.e., lungs)
Ability to mix with lipids
Chemically charged
Larger drug particle
Thicker membranes (i.e., skin) |
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Definition
Faster or Slower Absorption/Distribution Rate
Warmer dispensing temperature - Faster
Absence of food in the digestive tract - Faster
Smaller surface area at absorption site - Slower
Binding of a drug to plasma proteins - Slower
Thin membranes (i.e., lungs) - Faster
Ability to mix with lipids - Faster
Chemically charged - Slower
Larger drug particle - Slower
Thicker membranes (i.e., skin) - Slower |
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Term
The process of moving a drug from its site of administration across one or more body membranes is called:
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion |
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Definition
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Term
The process that describes how drugs are transported in the body is:
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion |
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Definition
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Term
The term used to describe how much of a drug is available to produce a biological response is:
A. Volume of distribution
B. Rate of elimination
C. Bioavailability
D. Half-life |
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Definition
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Term
The fact that the half-life of Drug A Is longer than of Drug B might be explained by a higher:
A. Metabolic rate for Drug A
B. Rate of elimination for Drug B
C. Potency for Drug A
D. Effectiveness of Drug B |
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Definition
| Rate of elimination for Drug B |
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Term
One reason the first-pass effect is so important is that drugs absorbed at the level of the digestive tract:
A. Are circulated directly back to the heart
B. Are distributed to the rest of the body and their target organs
C. Have ultimately more bioavailability than they would if absorbed at a different location
D. Are routed through the hepatic portal circulation |
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Definition
| Are routed through the hepatic portal circulation |
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Term
Drug doses are often ____________ when administered to children or the elderly.
A. Decreased to account for increased metabolism
B. Increased to account for increased metabolism
C. Decreased to account for decreased metabolism
D. Increased to account for decreased metabolism |
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Definition
| Decreased to account for decreased metabolism |
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Term
The removal of larger drug metabolites from the bloodstream to the urine is referred to as:
A. Filtration
B. Reabsorption
C. Secretion
D. Recirculation |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding excretion by the lungs?
A. Factors that affect gas exchange influence the respiratory excretion rate.
B. The greater the flow of blood into lung capillaries, the greater the respiratory excretion rate.
C. Drugs easily converted to gases, such as ethanol, are especially suited for excretion by the respiratory system.
D. The lungs excrete most drugs as products of metabolism. |
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Definition
| The lungs excrete most drugs as products of metabolism. |
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Term
For drugs easily dissolved in bile:
A. Enterohepatic recirculation significantly decreases the duration of drug action.
B. The entire drug amount is absorbed with the bile in the intestinal tract.
C. Drugs are not subject to metabolism by the liver.
D. A fraction of the drug amount is eliminated from the body through defecation |
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Definition
| A fraction of the drug amount is eliminated from the body through defecation. |
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Term
Which of the following is most important regarding excretion mechanisms and the breasts?
A. Drugs excreted into beast milk may significantly harm the nursing infant.
B. The breasts are a modified type of sweat gland.
C. Urea and other waste products are eliminated naturally from the breasts.
D. Natural alternative agents are considered safe and are not excreted into breast milk. |
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Definition
| Drugs excreted into beast milk may significantly harm the nursing infant |
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Term
Antagonists:
A. Are sometimes referred to as facilitators of drug action.
B. Can produce an effect only by interacting with receptors.
C. Inhibit or block the action of agonist drugs.
D. All the above. |
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Definition
| Inhibit or block the action of agonist drugs. |
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