Term
|
Definition
| "Refers to how close a measurement is to some accepted or true value (a standard)" |
|
|
Term
| What is used to express accuracy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "refers to reliability, repeatability, or consistency of a measurement" |
|
|
Term
| What is used to express precision? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is temperature really a measure of? |
|
Definition
| The average motion (kinetic energy) of the molecules |
|
|
Term
| o Kelvin= ? degrees Celsius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the equation to convert Celsius to Kelvin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the equation to convert kelvin to Celsius? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use to measure mass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use to measure weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Conversion for mass to weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depends on the amount of a substance (mass and volume) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are independent of the size of the sample. They are useful for identifying substances (melting point, boiling point, density). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heat= specific heat x mass H2O x change in temperature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02 x 10^23 molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1 mole of any gas has a volume of 22.4 L (at P=760mmHg, T=0 degrees celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6.02 x 10^23 molecules, or 22.4 L |
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 1022? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 0.005005? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 0.0004? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 4.000? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 0.0200? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 200.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many sig figs are in 4000? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mass number equal to (aside from the # of protons and neutrons)? |
|
Definition
| grams/mol of that element. For example, Magnesium has a mass number of 24.3 and that means for each atom of magnesium there are 24.3 grams/mol. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(atomos)
-"philosopher who argued that matter was discontinuous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-"billiard ball model"
-experimented with gases
-different substances are composed of different atoms
-"Atomic theory, all matter is composed of indestructible atoms" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-plum-pudding model
-"atoms have + and - parts"
-"the negative electrons are the same for any atom" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nuclear/solar system model
-"most of the mass of the atom is concentrated in a tiny, positively-charged nucleus" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-quantized electron energy levels
-"the electrons have only certain allowed energy levels"
-electron orbitals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -organized the periodic table by atomic number and predicted undiscovered elements |
|
|
Term
| Pauli Exclusion Principle |
|
Definition
| -"no two electrons in an atom may have the same four quantum numbers. This translates to the idea that an orbital may contain no more than two electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrons occupy the lowest energy level available orbital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -When you have several orbitals of the same energy (three p orbitals, five d orbitals), place one electron in each orbital before doubling them up. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Energy involved when an atom gains an electron to become a negative ion.
-elements in the upper right hand corner of the periodic table have the greatest electron affinity (greatest attraction for electrons). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Standard Temperature and Pressure |
|
Definition
P= 1 atm (760 mmHg, 101.3 kPa)
T= 0 degrees Celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Similar to diffusion, it means to escape from a small opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is due to collisions of gas particles with the walls of the container. |
|
|
Term
| The 7 elements that exist in diatomic molecules |
|
Definition
- H O N CL Br I F
-way to remember "H and the 6 that make a 7, starting with element #7" |
|
|
Term
| law of conservation of mass |
|
Definition
| -the mass of all the reactant molecules = the mass of all the product molecules |
|
|
Term
| law of definite composition |
|
Definition
| -the percentage composition of any sample of a a substance is the same |
|
|
Term
| law of multiple proportions |
|
Definition
| -when two compounds made of the same two elements (such as CO and CO2) are broken down to give the same mass of one element...the masses of the other element will be in a simple whole-number ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| triads of similar elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Law of octaves for similar elements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "close to modern periodic table" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "first to publish, predicted missing elements, his table was very detailed" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy needed to remove an electron from an atom |
|
|
Term
| The principle quantum number, n |
|
Definition
| As n increases, the average distance of the valence electrons from the nucleus increases...making the atom larger |
|
|
Term
| inch (original measurement) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| digit (original measurement) |
|
Definition
| width of the middle finger 3/4inch |
|
|
Term
| palm (original measurement) |
|
Definition
| width of four fingers (3 inches) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread of the hand 9 inches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the length of a foot 12 inches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance from elbow to tip of middle finger (18 inches) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance from the center of the body to the fingertips of the outstretched arms (36 inches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distance spanned by outstretched arms (72 inches) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 gram of water by 1 degree celsius at 15 degrees celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy involved when a force of one dyne acts through a distance of one centimeter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force required to produce an acceleration of one centimeter per second squared on a mass of one gram |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unit of length the was commonly used in describing sizes of atoms. one angstrom is equal to 1/10 of a nanometer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-or metric ton
-is equal to 1000 kg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the unit of pressure based on the earth's standard air pressure at sea level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
an established unit of volume in nations using the metric system.
-it is equal to one cubic decimeter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the kinetic energy acquired by an electron passing through a potential difference of 1 volt in a vacuum
-1 of 2 units of energy obtained in the SI system, whose values are obtained by experiment |
|
|
Term
| unified atomic mass unit (u) |
|
Definition
| equal to the fraction of 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide carbon-12. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-originally measured to be one ten-millionth of the distance from the north pole to the equator along the meridian running near Dunkirk, Paris, and Barcelona
-Redefined as length traveled by light in a vacuum during 1/299792457 of a second.
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the mass of a particular cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy, called the international Prototype Kilogram.
-Only unit still defined by an artifact
-derive from the mass of a cubic decimeter of water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-originally defined as 1/86,400th of a mean solar day
-Redefined as 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation between two levels of fundamental state cesium-133 atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1/273.16 of the temp interval between absolute zero and the triple point of water.
-An interval of Kelvin is = to an interval of Celsius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of substance which contains as many entities as there are atoms in exactly 0.012 kg of carbon-12. |
|
|
