Term
| What are the 6 classes of nutrients? |
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Definition
carbohydrates
protein
lipids
vitamins
minerals
water |
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Term
| What 2 make up carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most abundant and least expensive source in the world? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrate sugars are classified under 2 categories |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of carbohydrates are ingested? |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbohydrates convert to what so it can transport through blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many g's of carbohydrates daily is needed to prevent ketosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nutrient is most important in the formation of all body structures? |
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Definition
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Term
| animal protein: complete or incomplete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Plan protein: complete or incomplete? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protein tissues are always in a constant state of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whatis the RDA for adults for protein? |
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Definition
| It is 0.8 g/kg of body weight, 10% or 20% totalcalorie intake |
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Term
| This nutrient is insoluble in water and blood |
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Definition
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Term
| 95% of lipids in diet are... |
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Definition
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Term
| Animal fat: saturated or unsaturated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vegetable fat: saturated or unsaturated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does saturated mean? |
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Definition
| raised cholesterol levels |
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Term
| What does unsaturated mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does digestion of fats occur? |
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Definition
| Mostly in the small intestine |
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Term
| What is the most concentrated source of energy in diet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the RDA for adults for fats? |
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Definition
| It is not established, it should be less than 30% of calorie intake. |
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Term
| What is the fatlike substance found only in animal for fats? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrient that includes organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is vitamins needed for digestion? |
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Definition
| It metabolizes carbohydrates, protein, and fats. |
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Term
| What are the 2 classifications of vitamins? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the body does vitamins usually are absorbed? |
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Definition
| through the intestinal wall directly into bloodstream. |
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Term
| Vitamine that provides calcium andphosphorous metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin that is an antioxident |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin that affects visual acuity, skin, and mucous membranes, and immune functions |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin that helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrient of organic elements found in all body fluids and tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some functions of minerals? |
|
Definition
provide structure in body
help regulate body processes |
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Term
| calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium..what kind of minerals are these? |
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Definition
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Term
| Iron, zinc, manganese, iodine..what type of minerals are these? |
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Definition
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Term
| nutrient that accounts for 50% of adults total weight |
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Definition
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Term
| How much water is contained with the cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acts as a solvent and aids digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion |
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Definition
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Term
| Who have a higher BMR? Men or women? why? |
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Definition
| Men do. It is because of their muscle mass. |
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Term
| BMR - 1 cal/kg of body weight per hour |
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Definition
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Term
| BMR - 0.9 cal/kg of body weight per hour |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat factors increase BMR? |
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Definition
growth
hormones
infection
fever
emotional tension
extreme environmental temp. |
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Term
| What are factors that decrease BMR? |
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Definition
| Aging, prolonged fasting, sleeping |
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Term
| What are 3 factors that can effect a person's food habit? |
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Definition
| Physical - geographic location, food technology, income; physiologic - health, hunger, stage of development; psychosocial - culture, religion, tradition, education, politics, social status |
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Term
| What are some risk factors for poor nutritional status? |
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Definition
developmental status
sex
state of health
alcohol abuse
medication
megadoses of nutrient supplements |
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Term
| What is the anthropometric measure? |
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Definition
| It is measuring the fat on a person to determine their nutritional status |
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Term
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Definition
34 hour recall method
food diaries
food history |
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Term
| What are 2 compartments of fluid in the body? |
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Definition
1) extrecellular fluid
2) intracellular fluid |
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Term
|
Definition
| Intracellular fluid (ICF) |
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|
Term
| Fluid outside cells (30%) |
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Definition
| extracellular fluids (ECF) |
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Term
| Which Fluid contains intravascular and interstitial fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has more body fluid and ECF? infant or adult? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What 2 groups of people have less body water? |
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Definition
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Term
| liquids that hold a substance in solution (water) |
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Definition
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Term
| Substances dissolved in a solution |
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Definition
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Term
| controls and regulates volume of body fluids |
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Definition
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Term
| Responsible for nerve impulse, blood clotting, muscle contraction, B12 absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| responsible for metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins, vital signs involving enzymes |
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Definition
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Term
| responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in blood, produces hydrochloric acid |
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Definition
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Term
| responsible for body's primary buffer system |
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Definition
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Term
| responsible for important chemical reactions in body , cell division, and hereditary traits |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules in the body's chemical compounds that remain intact |
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Definition
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Term
| molecules in the body's chemical compounds that break up |
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Definition
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Term
| water passes from area of lesser solute concentrationto greater concentration until equilibrium is equal |
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Definition
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Term
| tendency of solutes to move freely throughout a solvent (downhill) |
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Definition
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Term
| Requires energy for movement of substances through cell membrane from lesser solute concentration to higher solute concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| Passage of fluid through permeable membrane from area of higher to lower pressure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| same concentration of particles as plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| greater concentration of particles than plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| lesser concentration of particles than plasma |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 types of filtration? |
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Definition
colloid osmotic pressure
hydrostatic pressure |
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Term
| What are source of fluids for the body |
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Definition
| Ingested liquids, foods, metabolism |
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Term
| What are 4 ways fluid is lossed? |
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Definition
| kidneys (URINE), intestinal tract (feces), skin (perspiration), insensible water loss |
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Term
| What is the total fluid intake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the total fluid output? |
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Definition
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Term
| kidneys normally filter how many liters of plasma? And how much is excreted as urine? |
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Definition
| 170 L, excrete 15 L urine |
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Term
| These glands regulate the level of calcium in ECF? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the nervous system do for fluid balance? |
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Definition
| it is a switchboard to inhibit and stimulate fluid balance. |
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Term
| substance containing hydrogen ions that can be liberated or released |
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Definition
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Term
| substance that can trap hydrogen ions |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 buffer systems? |
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Definition
| carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate, phosphate, protein |
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Term
| What is the most important buffer system of the body? |
|
Definition
| Carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate |
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Term
| What is the normal Ph of the body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF with near normal water/electrolyte proportions |
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Definition
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|
Term
| decrease volume of water and electroylte change |
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Definition
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|
Term
| distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| excess retention of water and sodium in ECF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| above normal amounts of water in extracellular spaces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Excessive ECF accumulates in tissue spaces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| excessive ECF accumulates in tissue spaces |
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Definition
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|
Term
| movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood |
|
Definition
| Interstitial to plasma shift |
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Term
| Sodium deficit in ECF caused by a loss of sodium or gain of water |
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Definition
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|
Term
| refers to a surplus of sodium in ECF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Refers to a potassium deficit in ECF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Excessive amounts of potassium in the ECF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| HOw are acid-base imbalances caused by? |
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Definition
| They occur when carbonic acid or bicarbonatelevels become disproportionate |
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Term
| Primary excess of carbonic acid in ECF |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Primary excess of carbonic acid in ECF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Primary deficit of carbonic acid in ECF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Proportionate deficit of bicarbonate in ECF? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Primary excess of bicarbonate in ECF |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are some lab studies to assess for fluid imbalances? |
|
Definition
complete blood count,
serum electrolytes,
urine ph and specific gravity,
arterial blood gases |
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|
Term
| What is the normal urine gravity range that should be maintained? |
|
Definition
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