Term
| When carbohydrates are consumed in excess what are they converted to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dietary changes should the nurse focus on when education a client with HTN. |
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Definition
- decrease sodium/fat intake (EtOH)
- Read labels (low Nacl foods, DASH diet)
- maintain K+ and calcium
- 10lbs weight loss reduces BP |
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Term
| what is the DASH diet for? |
|
Definition
diet for pts with HTN
(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) |
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Term
| what are the clinical manifestations associated with stress incontinence |
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Definition
| small loss of urine associated with intra-abdominal pressure (sneeding, coughing lifting) |
|
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Term
| what are the causative factors associated with stress incontinence |
|
Definition
-multiple pregnancies
-Decreased estrogen levels.
-Short urethra, change in angle.
-Prostate surgery.
-Abdominal wall weakness.
-Increased pressure caused by tumor, ascites, obesity. |
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Term
| pelvic floor exercise to help with minor incontinence issure? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the different types of incontinence issues? |
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Definition
| Stress, Urgency, Reflex (specific bladder volume reached), Overflow, Functional |
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Term
| A decrease in red blood cells without noticable blood loss is often due to what? |
|
Definition
| Iron deficiency (iron deficiency anemia) |
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Term
|
Definition
| milk, cheese, and diary food, but avoids meat, fish, poultry, and eggs |
|
|
Term
| Lacto-ovo-vegetarians eat? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Vegan diets can lead to deficiencies in what? |
|
Definition
| calcium, omega- 3, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 |
|
|
Term
| what vitamin should be taken to facilitate the absorption of iron? |
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Definition
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Term
| how long is breast feeding recommended? |
|
Definition
| at least the first 6 months |
|
|
Term
| what should food be introduced to infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percentage of children are obese? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what nutrient deficiency delays wound healing? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the vomiting center in the medulla of the brain may be affected by what other system. |
|
Definition
| the Vestibular system of the ear (causing severe nausea and vomiting) |
|
|
Term
| what is hepatitis and what are its causes? |
|
Definition
| and inflammation of the liver caused by virus, alcohol, meds, toxins, other pathogens leading to inability of function. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the pancreas releases enzymes into its own tissue causing inflammation. |
|
|
Term
| clinical manifestations of pancreatitis are? |
|
Definition
| dehydration, hypotension, N/V, organ failure |
|
|
Term
| 8. what alterations in digestion may require surgery? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. what diagnostic tests are used to determine digestion status? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
| a condition in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35-7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate, or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations. |
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Term
| what could cause a pt with GERD to present with metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
| over used of antacids (calcium carbonate/TUMS) |
|
|
Term
| what are the S/S of Crohns disease? |
|
Definition
| diarrhea (6-10/day), bloody/mucus stools, rectal bleeding, anemia, hypovalemia, malnutrition, fecal urgancy and tenesmus, left lower quadrant cramping, |
|
|
Term
| surgical interventions and tx for crohns disease? |
|
Definition
| bowel resection with an end to end anastomosis. |
|
|
Term
| what are the S/S of ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
| persistant diarrhea, NO blood in stools, RIGHT lower quadrant pain, fever, fatigue, malaise, weight loss, Anorectal lesions (fissures/ulcers/abscesses), possible n/v and epigastric pain, toxic megacolon |
|
|
Term
| possible surgical interventions for ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
| surgical resection and removal of colon. |
|
|
Term
| what are common disorders leading to malabsorption? |
|
Definition
-celiac disease
-lactase deficiency
- short bowel syndrom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ● Intestinal mucosa ineffectively absorbs nutrients, resulting in their excretion in stool |
|
|
Term
| what are common causes of malabsorption |
|
Definition
gastrointestinal disease
dimentea
medication side effect
malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| who is lactose intolerance most common in? |
|
Definition
native Americans
Asians
Hispanics
African Americans
hx of celiac disease |
|
|
Term
| risk factors for lactose intolerance |
|
Definition
-abdominal radiation therapy
-celiac disease
-crohns disease
- premature birth
- advanced age
- ethnicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| total surgical resection and removal of the colon to treat disease itself |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between a colostomy vs ileostomy? |
|
Definition
| An ostomy is an artificial opening on the abdominal wall through which waste material passes out of the body from the bowel or urinary tract. A colostomy indicates that the opening is from the colon. ... An ileostomy involves bringing the ileum (the last portion of the small intestine) to the abdominal surface. |
|
|
Term
| what are usually removed with an ileostomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an ileostomy located? |
|
Definition
| right side of the abd wall |
|
|
Term
| what is a Temporary or loop ileostomy? |
|
Definition
| may be formed to eliminate feces and allow tissue healing for 2-3 months following an IPAA. |
|
|
Term
| what is a Continent Ileostomy? |
|
Definition
| and internal pouch is formed with a nipple valve to prevent leakage. the pouch is drained by catheter insertion. |
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|
Term
| normal urinary output by age... |
|
Definition
1 to 2 days: 15–60
3 to 10 days: 100–300
10 days to 2 months: 250–450
2 months to 1 year: 400–500
1 to 3 years: 500–600
3 to 5 years: 600–700
5 to 8 years: 700–1,000
8 to 14 years: 800–1,400
14 years through adulthood: 1,500
Older adulthood: 1,500 or less |
|
|
Term
| what does a normal abd assessment look like? |
|
Definition
| The abdomen should be slightly concave, symmetrical, without distention or masses. |
|
|
Term
| Distention, glistening, or skin tightness on and abd assessment may be associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the Pathophysiology of stress incontinence? |
|
Definition
| Relaxation of pelvic musculature and weakness of urethra and surrounding muscles and tissues lead to decreased urethral resistance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong urge to void |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involuntary loss of urine at predictable intervals when a specific bladder volume is reached |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Incontinence resulting from physical, environmental, or psychosocial causes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inability to empty bladder, resulting in overdistention and frequent loss of small amounts of urine |
|
|
Term
| What increased risk comes with placement of urinary catheter? |
|
Definition
| infection, decrease bladder sensation, urinary retention after catheter removed |
|
|
Term
| what discharge education related to the care of an indwelling catheter for the client and family should be given? |
|
Definition
-proper perineal hygiene methods.
-care of catheter or fecal pouch.
-bladder and bowel training methods.
-strategies to reduce psychosocial issues related to incontinence.
-proper use of medications for bladder or bowel problems as well as side effects of medications for other conditions that may alter bladder or bowel function |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat urinary retention? |
|
Definition
| complete decompression of the bladder via catheterization. |
|
|
Term
| what factors can cause constipation |
|
Definition
- lack of activity
- dietary (low fiber low fluid intake)
- drugs i.e narcotic antacids, bets blockers,diuretics, iron
-large bowel
-chronic laxative use/enema |
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