Term
How many quadrants does the abdomen have? What are they?
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Definition
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Term
| what are the three layers of muscles in the abdomen? |
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Definition
| the outtermsot layer is the external oblique muscle, the middle layer is the internal abdominal oblique, the innermost layer is the tranverse abdominalis |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue extensions of the muscles |
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Term
| what is the white line of connective tissue in the abdomen? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a thin serous membane that lines the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| a protective covering for most internal abdominal organs |
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Term
| what is the largest organ in the body? |
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Definition
| the liver, it has 4 lobes. in the RUQ. |
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Term
| what are the functions of the liver? |
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Definition
| glucose storage, formation of blood plasma proteins, cholesterole production, bile formation, destruction of RBC's, storage of iron and vitamins, and detoxication. |
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Term
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Definition
| is normally not palpable. it is an endocrine gland and an acessory organ for digestion. filters blood, digests microorganisms, returns the breakdowns tot the liver |
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Term
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Definition
| concidered posterior organs, best assesed at the costoverterbral angle, aids with filtration, and elimination of waste products. maintenance of water and electrolytes. controls blood pressure, and secretes hrmones. At level of T12 and L3. |
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Term
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Definition
| stores bile to digest fat. not normally palpable. found at posterior surface of liver |
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Term
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Definition
| longest part of digestive system, aids in digestion and absorption of food. Not normally palpated |
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Term
| T OR F: the sigmoid colon is is often felt as a firm structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| the colon functions by...? |
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Definition
| secreting large amounts of alkaline mucous to lubricate and neutralize, the absorption of water leavings wastes to be expelled. |
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Term
| what supplies the organs of the body? |
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Definition
| the aorta and it's many branches |
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Term
| where can the pulsations of the right illiac artery be felt at? |
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Definition
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Term
| as you age, what happens to your ability to feel pain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| produces sudden onset of pain |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what causes pain for esophageal reflux? |
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Definition
| being in the supine position |
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Term
| epigastric pain is accompanied by...? |
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Definition
| tarry stools that suggest a gastric or duodenal ulcer |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why do elderly patients not eat as much? |
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Definition
| they experience a gradual decline in appetite |
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Term
| normal bowel movements are...? |
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Definition
| 2 to 3 times a day to 3 times a week |
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Term
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Definition
| a frequency of bowel movements producing unformed or liquid stools. |
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Term
| Bloody and mucois stools are associated with...? |
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Definition
| inflammatory bowel syndrome |
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Term
| the elderly are at risk for...? |
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Definition
| diarrhea and severe dehydration |
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Term
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Definition
| common in the elderly. they can be recurrent and chronic |
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Term
| what can cause gastric bleeding? |
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Definition
| asprin, ibuprofin, and steroids |
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Term
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Definition
| may decrease intestinal tone and promote dependency. High iron intake can lead chronic constipation. |
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Term
| what are some alcohol related disorders? |
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Definition
| gastritis, esophageal varices, pancreatis, liver cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
| purple discoloration at the flanks. it is indicative of bleeding within the abdominal wall. |
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Term
| where is jaundice more apparent? |
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Definition
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Term
| pale taught skin may be seen with? |
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Definition
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Term
| dilated veins may be seen with...? |
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Definition
| cirrhosis of the liver, obstrcution of the vena cava, portal hypertension, and ascites |
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Term
| dark bluish pink straie are associated with...? |
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Definition
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Term
| ascites usually results from...? |
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Definition
| liver failure or liver disease |
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Term
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Definition
| bluish or purple discoloration around the umbillicus which indicates intra-abdominal bleeding |
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Term
| Scafoid abdomincal shape is ...? |
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Definition
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Term
| to furthur ascess the abdomen for herniation or diastasis recti ask the client to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a protrusion o the bowel through the abdominal wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| appears as a bulging between the vertical midline which separates the abdominis rectus muscles. It is of little significance |
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Term
| vigorous, wide, exagerated pulsations may be seen with...? |
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Definition
| abdominal aortic aneurysm |
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Term
| what direction do peristalic waves move during a intestinal obstruction? |
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Definition
| they move from LUQ to the RLQ |
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Term
| when ausculatating for bowel sounds use the ( ) but when ausculating for vacular sounds use the ( ) but when ausculating for a friction rub use the ( ) |
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Definition
| Bowel- diaphragm. Vascular - bell. Friction rub- diaphragm |
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Term
| What is a normal rate for bowel sounds? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hyper active bowel sounds |
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Term
| when ausculating for bowel sounds you begin in the...? |
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Definition
| RLQ and work clockwise covering all quadrants |
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Term
| with postoperative care, how long does the stomach take to recover? the colon? |
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Definition
| the stomach takes 24-48 hours. the colon takes 3 to 5 days to recover the ability to move food in it. |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate a diminished bowel motility. common causes are bowel obstruction and abdominal surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate increased bowel motility. common causes are diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or early bowel obstruction. |
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Term
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Definition
| an emergency. associated with peritonitis and paralytic ileus. |
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Term
| where do you listen when ausculating for a venous hum? |
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Definition
| in the epigastric and umbillicus regions |
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Term
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Definition
| turbulent blood commonly from an aneurysm or arterial stenosis. |
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Term
| to asses the decent of the liver ask the client to? |
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Definition
| take a deep breath and hold it |
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Term
| on deep inspiration the lower border of the liver is usually ...? |
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Definition
| found 1 to 4 cms bellow the costal margin |
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Term
| where is the upper border of dullness located? |
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Definition
| between the 5th and 7th intercostal space. |
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Term
| what would make it hard to observe the upper border of the liver? |
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Definition
| consolidation or pleural fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| a liver span that exceeds normal ranges. usually due to tumors, cirrhosis, abscess, and vascular engorgement. |
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Term
| how does emphysemia affect the liver? |
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Definition
| it can cause the liver to be in a lower position |
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Term
| what can cause the liver to be in a higher position than normal? |
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Definition
| ascites, a paralyzed diaphram, and an abdominal mass |
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Term
| what is a normal liver span? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the spleen heard? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| is chracterized by an area of dullness greater than 7 cm's |
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Term
| how can you tell if there is an enlarged spleen? |
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Definition
| on inspiration there is dullness at the last left intercostal space at the anterior axillary line. |
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Term
| light palpation depresses how deep? |
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Definition
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Term
| tenderness over the liver may be a sign of? |
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Definition
| hepatitis or cholecystitis |
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Term
| when do the rectus abdominis muscle relax? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| right sided guarding may be due to...? |
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Definition
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Term
| dee palpation goes how far? |
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Definition
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Term
| what has a high potential for herniation? |
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Definition
| a soft umbillical cord, usually it is hard |
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Term
| what do you never palpate? |
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Definition
| a pulsating midline mass, it may be a disecting aneurysm and it can rupture from the pressure of palpations |
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Term
| how do you palpate bimanually? |
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Definition
| stand at the clients RIGHT and place the left hand under the client's back at the 10th to 11th rib. lay hand parallel so that hands face the head. palpate by compressing the hands upward and down on inhilation |
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Term
| T OR F the liver is not usually palpable? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is a liver considered enlarged? |
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Definition
| when it is 1 to 3 cm's bellow the costal margin |
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Term
| a firm hard liver is indicative of? |
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Definition
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Term
| a palpable spleen suggests? |
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Definition
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Term
| if the spleen feels hard with a sharp edge...? |
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Definition
| it is enlarged from chronic disease |
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Term
| if the spleen feels soft with a rounded edge then? |
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Definition
| it is indicative of splenic enlargement |
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Term
| when assesing for ascites in a patient laying down, you will find ascites where? |
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Definition
| the top of the abdomen will be tympanic from gas but a ring on the bottom will be dull |
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Term
| when assesing a patient with ascites when they are kaying on their side you will find? |
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Definition
| tympany on the top side of the abdomen and dullness on the top indicating ascites |
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Term
| what is a positive rovsing's sign? |
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Definition
| pain in the RLQ when the LLQ is being pressed |
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Term
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Definition
| psoas sign. associated with irritation of iliopsoas muscle due to appendicitis |
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Term
| holding your breath due to pain is...? |
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Definition
| a positive sign of Murphy's sign and is associated with acute cholecystitis |
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Term
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Definition
| distension in the veins which can burst. associated with alcohol use |
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Term
| what is the order for GI? |
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Definition
| inspection, ausculation, percussion, palpation |
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Term
| what are signs of colon cancer? |
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Definition
| intestinal pain and he stool is thinner |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| life threatening and an emergency. when the bowel sounds don't return after surgery |
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Term
| what are the '6 f's ' for abdominal distension? |
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Definition
| fats, feces, fluids, flatulence, fetus, firoids |
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Term
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Definition
| blood in the urine that is not visible. it is a sign of cancer |
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