Term
|
Definition
| One who does not have a fever. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The amount of energy expended by the body at rest. The rate of energy utilization the body requires to maintain essential activities such as breathing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reflects the balance between the heat produced and the heat lost from the body, and is measured in heat units called degrees. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The stimulation of heat production in the body through increased cellular metabolism. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of heat from one molecule to a molecule of lower temperature through contact. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The dispersion of heat by air currents. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A client who has a fever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the amount of heat produced by the body equals the amount of heat lost. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A very high fever, such as 41 degrees Celsius (105.8 degrees Fahrenheit). |
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Term
|
Definition
| When the body produces more heat than is lost. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When more heat is lost than produced. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Continuous and unnoticed heat loss from vaporization. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Continuous and unnoticed water loss from vaporization. |
|
|
Term
| Neutral Thermal Environment |
|
Definition
| A specific environmental temperature range in which the rates of oxygen consumption and metabolism are minimal, and internal body temperature is maintained because of thermal balance. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A body temperature above the usual range. Between 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius) and 105.8 degrees Fahrenheit (41 degrees Celsius). |
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Term
|
Definition
| The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact between the two objects, usually in the form of infrared rays. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The temperature of the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and fat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The body process that balances heat production and heat loss to maintain the body's temperature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Continuous evaporation of moisture from the respiratory tract, the mucosa of the mouth, and the skin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A test for Malignant Hyperthermia that involves a biopsy of thigh skeletal muscle tissue to determine sensitivity to caffeine and halothane. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The body temperature fluctuates minimally but always remains above normal. Can occur with a typhoid fever. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Released by macrophages in response to an infection. Include interleukins, interferons, and tumer necrosis factor. They travel through the circulatory system to the hypothalamus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Generalized seizures that usually occur in children as the result of rapid temperature rise above 39 degrees Celsius (102 degrees Fahrenheit) in association with an acute illness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A temperature that rises to fever level rapidly following a normal temperature and then returns to normal within a few hours. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A result of excessive heat exposure and dehydration. Signs include paleness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fainting, and a moderately increased temperature (101-102 degrees Fahrenheit). |
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Term
|
Definition
| A more serious form of heat exhaustion which can be life-threatening, generally have been exercising in hot weather, have warm, flushed skin, and often do not sweat. They usually have a temperature of 106 degrees Fahrenheit or higher, and may be delirious, unconscious, or having seizures. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The body temperature alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal or subnormal temperatures. Common with some illnesses, such as malaria. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequently inherited, and rare but serious reaction to volatile inhalational anesthetic gases and succinylcholine, a neuromuscular blocker. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short febrile periods of a few days are interspersed with periods of 1 or 2 days of normal temperature. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A wide range of temperature fluctuations (more than 2 degrees Celsuis [3.6 degrees Fahrenheit]) pccurs over the 24-hour period, all of which are above normal. Common with a cold or influenza. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dark in color because of an enriched blood supply, dense cellular content, and abundant nerve endings. These characteristics promote rapid metabolism, heat generation, and heat transfer to peripheral circulation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An injury of the skin resulting from freezing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An electronically controlled blanket that provides a specified temperature. |
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|
Term
| Nonshivering Thermogenesis |
|
Definition
| An important mechanism of heat production unique to the newborn. It occurs when skin receptors perceive a drop in the environmental temperature and, in response, transmit sensations to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagnostic test that provides a direct indication of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange and the acid-base balance within the blood. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The absence of breathing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The collapse of lung tissue affecting all or part of a lung, impacting the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Listening to the body's sounds with a stethoscope. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A respiratory rate of less than 10 breaths per minute in adults. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A procedure that allows direct visualization of the lings, is usually performed by a pulmonologist but may be performed by a primary care or emergency care physician. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The mixture of sounds of air flowing through a tube and the breeziness of the open alveolar lung fields produced when air moves through the bronchial tree. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows for two-dimensional visualization of the contents of the thoracic cavity. |
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|
Term
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
|
Definition
| A disease characterized by decreased levels of oxygen initiating the drive to breathe instead of hypercarbia. Caused by prolonged cigarette smoking, as smoking is the primary cause of prolonged elevated levels of carbon dioxide. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| High-pitched popping sounds, much like when one pours milk over crisped rice cereal. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A late sign of hypoxemia and is seen as a blue tinge to the skin in fair individuals. Present as gray coloration of the skin in individuals with darker pigmentation. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Labored breathing or shortness of breath that is uncomfortable or painful, also occurs when breathing is insufficient to meet oxygen demand. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breathing within the expected respiratory rates. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of exhaling air from the lungs out into the environment. |
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Term
|
Definition
| An increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A decreased level of oxygen. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Measures the forced emptying of alveolar gas. Measures air exhaled from the lungs. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of inhaling air into the alveoli. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Difficulty breathing when a person is supine. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The mechanisms that facilitate or impair the body's ability to supply oxygen to all cells of the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When the nurse uses the hands to feel the areas related to the body system. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| An airway that is open and free of obstruction. |
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|
Term
| Peak Expiratory Flow Rate |
|
Definition
| Used to monitor the ability of an individual to exhale a specific volume of air related to the individual's age,gender, height, and weight. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Diagnostic tests that provide information about ventilation airflow, lung volume, and capacity and the diffusion of gas. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A noninvasive method of assessing arterial blood oxygenation. A clip or adhesive device with an infrared probe analyzes blood as it perfuses past the view of the two opposing sensors of the probe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of tapping the chest or back to assess underlying structures; the tones heard determine solid-filled or air-filled spaces at the area percussed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A partial lung collapse resulting from air or gas collecting in the lung or in the pleural space the surrounds the lungs. A respiratory emergency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The exchange of gases between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long, low-pitched sound that continues throughout inspiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High-pitched sound within the trachea and larynx that suggests narrowing of the tracheal passage. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls surface tension and keeps the alveoli from collapsing and sticking to itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equality of the size, shape, or condition of opposite sides of the body. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths per minute in adults. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Both an intervention and a test. Performed to drain excessive pleural fluid from between the pleural linings. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Sound of air movement as if moving through a tube. Sound of air moving through trachea when airways are clear and functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of moving air into and out of the lungs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of oxygen across the alveolar-capillary membrane into a well-perfusing capillary. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The soft and breezy sounds of air moving into and out of the lobes at the alveolar level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A high-pitched whistling sound most often heard on expiration and caused by the narrowing of bronchi, can also be heard before inspiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspiring secretions through a catheter connected to a suction machine or wall suction outlet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electrical activity produced by movement of ions across cell membranes that stimulates muscle contraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A central pulse that is located at the apex of the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comparing pulses at both the apical and radial sites to determine any discrepancies between the two. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pulse with an irregular rhythm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart sound produced by atrial contraction and ejection of blood into the ventricle during late diastole. Also called the fourth heart sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart rate in an adult of less than 60 BPM. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One contraction and relaxation of the heart; a single heartbeat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles into the pulmonary and systemic circulations in 1 minute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The heart's ability to respond to the body's changing need for cardiac output. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of distention or expansion the ventricles can achieve to increase stroke volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inherent capability of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of vessels that supply the heart muscle itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase in which the heart contracts as a result of ion channel functions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood that is low in oxygen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the phase of ventricular relaxation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The minimum pressure within the arteries during diastole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abnormal heart rate or rhythm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Impulses originating outside normal conduction pathways of the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The fraction or percent of the diastolic volume that is ejected from the heart during systole. |
|
|
Term
| Elasticity of the Arterial Wall |
|
Definition
| Reflects the expansibility or deformities of the arterial wall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A graphic record of the heart's activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diagnostic test of cardiac function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produced by the closure of the AV valves. Characterized by the syllable "lub". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An opening between the atria of the fetal heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A heart sound produced by atrial contraction and ejection of blood into the ventricle during late diastole. Also called atrial gallop. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Harsh, blowing sounds caused by disruption of blood flow into the heart, between the chambers of the heart, or from the heart into the pulmonary or aortic systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A laboratory test that measures the proportion of cells and plasma in blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood pressure that is below normal, that is, a systolic reading consistently between 85 and 110 mmHg in an adult whore normal pressure is higher than this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition that results when PaO2 falls below 80 mmHg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A straight line on an electrocardiograph that indicates the absence of electrical activity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An insulated wire that connects an electrocardiograph to the electrodes attached to the patient. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the size of muscle cells of the myocardium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A blood pressure that falls when the client sits or stands. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pulse located away from the heart, for example, in the foot or wrist. |
|
|
Term
| Physiologic Anemia of Pregnancy |
|
Definition
| Apparent anemia that results because during pregnancy the plasma volume increases more than the erythrocytes increase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A central pulse, located at the apex of the heart. Also referred to as apical pulse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An increase in the production of red blood cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension, or stretch, that exists at the end of diastole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of the right side of the heart, the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary capillaries, and the pulmonary vein. |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance |
|
Definition
| The force or resistance of the blood in the pulmonary circulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the radial pulse falls behind the apical pulse rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pattern of the beats and the intervals between the beats. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the force of blood with each beat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phase during which myocardial cells resist stimulation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process that returns the cell to its resting, polarized state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produced by the closure of the semilunar valves. Characterized by the syllable "dub". |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume. Ranges from 60 to 100 mL/beat and averages approximately 70 mL/beat in an adult. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of the left side of the heart, the aorta and its branches, the capillaries that supply the brain and peripheral tissues, the systemic venous system, and the vena cava. |
|
|
Term
| Systemic Vascular Resistance |
|
Definition
| The force or resistance of the blood in the body's blood vessels that helps return blood to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to the phase of ventricular contraction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The maximum pressure exerted within the arteries when the heart compresses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An excessively fast heart rate (e.g., over 100 BPM in an adult). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| May be heard in children, young adults, or in pregnant females during the third trimester. Heard after S2. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The point at which an action potential is capable of being generated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A palpable vibration over the precordium or an artery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the AV valves open, blood flow ino the ventricles may cause vibrations that create the S3 sound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The volume of blood transported in a vessel, in an organ, or throughout the entire circulation over a given period of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force that blood exerts against the walls of the arteries as it is pumped from the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The minimum pressure within the arteries during diastole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excess pressure in the arterial portion of the circulatory system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A systolic pressure is greater than 180 mmHg and the diastolic pressure higher than 120 mmHg. Also called malignant hypertension. |
|
|
Term
| Hypertensive Encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| A syndrome characterized by extremely high blood pressure, altered level of consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, papilledema, and seizures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The average pressure in the arterial circulation throughout the cardiac cycle. |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral Vascular Resistance |
|
Definition
| The opposing forces or impedance to blood flow as the arterial channels become more and more distant from the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A persistently elevated systemic blood pressure, also called essential hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated blood pressure resulting from an identifiable underlying process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gradual reduction in the dosage and number of drugs used in a therapeutic regimen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The maximum pressure exerted within the arteries when the heart compresses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which substances are able to move across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ion that carries a negative charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The relationship between height and weight measured in square meters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An ion that carries a positive charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances such as large protein molecules that do not readily dissolve into true solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pulling force exerted by colloids that helps maintain the water content of blood by pulling water from the interstitial space into the vascular compartment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Salts that dissolve readily into true solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition that occurs when a body does not take in as much water as it loses or lacks sufficient reserves to maintain proper function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The continual intermingling of molecules in liquids, gases, or solids brought about by the random movement of the molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in bodily tissue. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Charged ion capable of conducting electricity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid found outside the cells and accounts for about one-third of total body fluid. It is subdivided into compartments. The two main compartments of ECF are intravascular and interstitial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process whereby fluid and solutes move together across a membrane from one compartment to another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of both water and electrolytes in similar proportions from the extracellular fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The retention of both water and sodium in similar proportions to normal extracellular fluid (ECF). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A laboratory test that measures the proportion of cells and plasma in blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure a fluid exerts within a closed system on the walls of its container. The hydrostatic pressure of blood is the force blood exerts against the vascular walls (e.g., the artery walls). The principle involved in hydrostatic pressure is that fluids move from the area of greater pressure to the area of lesser pressure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated potassium levels in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elevated sodium levels in the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to solutions that have a higher osmolality than body fluids; 3% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid loss that is not perceptible to the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accounts for approximately 75% of extracellular fluid; interstitial fluid surrounds the cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluid found within the body cells, also called cellular fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Accounts for approximately 20% of the extracellular fluid and is found within the vascular system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrically charged particle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A solution that has the same osmolality as body fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The chemical combining power of the ion, or the capacity of cations to combine with anions to form molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Essential fluid losses required to maintain body functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pulling force exerted by colloids that helps maintain the water content of blood by pulling water from the interstitial space into the vascular compartment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measure of the concentration of solutes in body fluids. Osmolality is determined by the total solute concentration within a fluid compartment and is measured as parts of solute per kilogram of water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The movement of water across cell membranes, from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0.9% sodium chloride, an isotonic solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Substances that dissolve in liquid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The component of a solution that can dissolve a solute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The osmolality of a solution. Solutions may be termed isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the components of extracellular fluid. Examples of transcellular fluid are cerebrospinal, pericardial, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal, and synovial fluids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased blood levels of potassium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decreased blood levels of sodium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Refers to solutions that have a lower osmolality than body fluids, such as one-half normal saline (0.45% sodium chloride). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| C = (Fahrenheit temperature - 32) X 5/9 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| F = (Celsius temperature X 9/5) + 32 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stroke Volume X Heart Rate = CO |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Volume (mL)/Time (min)) X Drip Factor (gtt/mL) = IV Flow Rate (gtt/mL) |
|
|
Term
| ACE Inhibitors - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
Treatment of:
- hypertension
- heart failure
- diabetic nephropathy
- left ventricular dysfunction following myocardial infarction.
|
|
|
Term
| ACE Inhibitors - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Severe hypotension following first dose
- Dry, nonproductive cough due to increase in bradykinin
- Rash and report of metallic taste in mouth
- Angioedema (swelling of mouth and throat)
- Hyperkalemia
- Neutropenia (decrease in WBCs)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Treats hypertension
- Prevents stroke
- Manages diabetic nephropathy
- Treats heart failure
- Prevents migraine headache.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Angioedema
- Headache, insomnia
- Severe hypotension may occur with overdose or in volume depletion.
|
|
|
Term
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
| Treats hypertension (not a first-line choice due to severe adverse effects). |
|
|
Term
| Adrenergic Neuron Blockers - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Severe depression and risk for suicide, which may linger after discontinuation
- Bradycardia and orthostatic hypotension
- GI symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal cramping.
|
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone Antagonists - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Treats hypertension
- Treats symptoms of heart failure following MI.
|
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone Antagonists - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers - Therapeutic USe |
|
Definition
- Treats hypertension
- Treats benign prostatic hypertrophy.
|
|
|
Term
| Alpha1 Adrenergic Blockers - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Orthostatic hypotension--especially with first dose and with dose increases
- Reflex tachycardia may also occur
- Headache.
|
|
|
Term
| Alpha/beta Blockers - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Treats hypertension
- Treats heart failure
- Prolongs chance of survival following MI.
|
|
|
Term
| Alpha/beta Blockers - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Dizziness, hypotension
- Bradycardia due to blockade of beta1 receptors, may lead to reduced cardiac output.
|
|
|
Term
| Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Treat hypertension
- Treat angina pectoris
- Treatment to decrease mortality following MI
- Treat cardiac dysrhythmias
- Treat heart failure.
|
|
|
Term
| Beta Adrenergic Blockers - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Bradycardia due to blockade of beta1 receptors, may lead to reduced cardiac output
- Heart failure - shortness of breath, edema, coughing at night
- Rebound excitation causing angina pain or MI with sudden withdraw of beta blocker in patient with CHD.
|
|
|
Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Treats mild to moderate hypertension
- Treats stable angina and variant anginas
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Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Reflex tachycardia causing increased angina pain in patients with angina
- Lightheadedness, dizziness
- Facial flushing, perception of heat
- Peripheral edema of feet and legs
- Hypotension, especially with overdose
- Gingivital hyperplasia
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Term
| Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Treats hypertension
- Severe pain relief
- Off-label uses:
- Prophalaxis against migraine
- Treats withdrawl symptoms of alcohol, opioids, and nicotine
- Treats dysmenorrheal and menopausal hot flashes
- ADHD in children and for Tourette's syndrome
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Term
| Centrally Acting Alpha2 Agonists - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- CNS Effects: drowsiness, dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Rebound hypertensive crisis may result if abruptly discontinued.
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Term
| Direct Acting Vasodilators - Therapeutic Use |
|
Definition
- Moderate to severe hypotension
- Hypertensive crisis
- Heart failure on a short-term basis
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|
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Term
| Direct Acting Vasodilators - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Headache and palpitations
- Tachycardia
- A systemic lupus erythematosus - like syndrome may occur--most likely with high doses
- Fluid retention, edema
- Report edema to provider
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|
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Term
| Direct Renin Inhibitors - Therapeutic Uses |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Direct Renin Inhibitors - Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- Hyperkalemia
- Cough or angioedema--may occur at any time during treatment
- Diarrhea, abdominal pain--more likely in high doses
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