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Definition
| The nuerotransmitter largely responsible for motor functions, though also involved in other functions |
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| The point at which the charge inside an axon is at +40mV, and the charge is being conducted across the axon. |
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| Located on the kidney, responsible for the production of epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| The small, almond shaped structure in the brain connected to many other regions that is responsible for emotional processing (largely fear) |
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| The deficit of the ability to speak, or understand communications |
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Definition
| The projection which action potential travels down |
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| The structure in the brain responsible for voluntary motor control (gangles) |
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Definition
| The area in the left frontal lobe of the brain responsible for speech |
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Definition
| Chemicals released from the adrenal glands that function as hormones and nuerotransmitters to control ANS activation |
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Definition
| The structure in the hind brain responsible for body movement, motor skills, balance, and cognitive activites such as learning and language |
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Definition
| The area around the cerebrum responsible for human thought, planning perception and consciousness |
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Definition
| The two large, folded areas of the brain |
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Definition
| Belt like structure in the brain that is important to attention and cognitive control |
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Definition
| The connection between the right and left hemispheres of the cerebrum |
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Definition
| A hormone released by the adrenal glands responsible for maintaining the activation of bodily sytems during prolonged stress |
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Definition
| The projections off of the soma of the nerve cell which form connections to other nerves |
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Definition
| The “reward” neurotrsnsmitter involved in feeding, orgasm, doing well on a test and other “feel-good” behaviors. Upper. Also involved in muscle control. |
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Term
| Electroencephalography (EEG) |
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Definition
| a method for recording the brain's electrical activity in which electrodes are placed on the person's head |
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Definition
| System of glands the secrete and regulate hormones in the body |
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Definition
| The process that occurs after the firing of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft to get rid of excess chemicals by use of enzymes |
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Definition
| “Adrenaline” doesn’t affect mental processes |
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Term
| Event-Related Potential (ERP) |
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Definition
| A special technique that extracts electrical activity from raw EEG data to measure cognitive processes |
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Term
| Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) |
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Definition
| brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to produce detailed images of activity in the brain and other soft tissues |
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Term
| GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) |
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Definition
| Inhibitory neurotransmitter. The “brakes” of the central nervous system. Questioned whether or not eplilepsy is caused by a lack of GABA. Alchohol and other depressants cause an increase in GABA levels. |
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Definition
| The major excitatory neurotransmiter. Increases the likelihood that the post synaptic neuron will fire |
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Definition
| The structure in the limbic system that plays a vital role in learning and memory. |
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Definition
| Chemicals secreted by gland that travel through the blood stream to tissues and organs |
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Definition
| The structure in the limbic system that is the mahjor regulator of all drives (sex, hunger, temperature) also controls the pituatary gland. |
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Definition
| The small area in the cerebrum that plays an important role in monitoring bodily perceptions, emotional states and addictive behavior |
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Term
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| Imaging technique that uses high powered magnets to produce images of the brain (and other soft tissues) structure |
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Definition
| The structure in the hind brain responsible for involuntary actions, such as breathing |
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Definition
| Covers the axon, insulates the axon and provides more effective communication, stronger connections to other neurons, and transmission of electrical impulses. Develops from birth to young adulthood. Freidreich’s Ataxia (improper mitochondrial function, no production of fritaxin, increase of iron, thinning of myelin sheath) |
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Definition
| “Adrenaline” that DOES cause emotional and mental arousal. ADHD patients often have low levels of norepinephrine |
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Definition
| The master endocrine gland that releases hormones into the body |
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Definition
| The “Bridge” structure that connects the hind brain to regions of the mid- and forebrain |
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Term
| Positron emission tomography |
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Definition
| A technique that uses radioactive sugars to determine brain activity based on blood flow |
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Definition
| The period of time after a nerve fires when it cannot fire again |
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Definition
| The electrical charge that a nerve has at rest (-70mV) |
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Definition
| Bundle of nerves that runs through the mid and hind brain that is responsible for waking up and falling asleep (experiments on cat’s recticular formation) |
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Definition
| The chief nuerotransmitter involved in excitatory states. Ecstasy causes an increase in serotonin, while depression is caused by low levels of serotonin. Schizophrenia is caused by too high levels of serotonin. |
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Definition
| The gap between nerves (between nerves and muscles is the neuromuscular junction) |
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Definition
| The vesicles in the terminal buttons that holds neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| At the end of the dendrites, sacs of neurotransmitters |
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Definition
| The structure in the brain that is responsible for sensory relay (except olfactory) |
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Definition
| The area of the brain that is responsible for comprehension of speech, and formation of meaningful sentences. |
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