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Nuclear Medicine
N/A
50
Pharmacology
Professional
04/25/2013

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Term
considered the father of modern theory of atoms
Definition
John Dalton
Term
___ discovered two new elements, polonium and radium in ___
Definition
Marie Curie
1898
Term
considered the father of nuclear medicine
developed tracer principle
coined the term radioindicator
Definition
Georgy de Hevesy (1923)
Term
invented the cyclotron device to produce man made radioactive tracers
Definition
Ernest Lawrence (1931)
Term
introduced the Gamma camera
Definition
Hal Anger (1958)
Term
developed a crude single photon emission computed tomography camera which allowed creation of 3D images
Definition
David Edwards and Roy Kuhl (1960)
Term
SPECT imaging became standard practice in __
Definition
the 1980's
Term
focuses of the use of radioactive materials for diagnosis, therapy, and medical research
Definition
Nuclear Medicine
Term
radioactive drug used for diagnosis or therapy
Definition
Radiopharmaceuticals
Term
radioactive isotope used to allow a biological process to be seen
Definition
tracer
Term
a __ is introduced into the body, ___ to a specific substance, and is then followed by a __ as it passes through various organs or systems
Definition
tracer, binds, scanner
Term
a device that uses the emission of light from a crystal stuck by gamma rays to produce an image of the distribution of radiactive material in a body organ
Definition
gamma or scintillation camera
Term
gamma/scintillation camera transforms gamma ray emissions into images of ___ and ___ of organ/system
Definition
function
anatomy
Term
creates transaxial images of organ physiology
Definition
PET scan
Term
neutron+positron=
Definition
proton
Term
occurs when a positron interacts with a free electron
Definition
positron annihilation
Term
a PET gantry may have __ to __ rings, each ring has as many as ___ detectors
Definition
30-60
1000
Term
detectors receive simultaneous detection of _____ emitted from the body
Definition
a pair of annihilation photons
Term
images that relates anatomic position
Definition
functional or parametric image
Term
an atomic species with a particular arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Definition
nuclide
Term
elements with the same number of protons and electrons, but a different number of neutrons
Definition
isotopes
Term
determines the stability of atom
Definition
neutron to proton ratio
Term
process that occurs when atoms attempt to regain stability
Definition
spontaneous decay
Term
decay schemes are __ to each radionuclide
Definition
unique
Term
the time it takes for a quanitity of a particular radionuclide to decay to one half of its original activity
Definition
half life
Term
produced in reactors or particle accelerators
Definition
radionuclides
Term
naturally occuring radionuclides have ___ half-lives
Definition
very long
Term
___ make shortlived daughter radionuclides formed by the decay of longer-lived parent radionuclides available
Definition
generators
Term
molybdenum-99 is the parent radionuclide of
Definition
technetium-99
Term
radiopharmaaceuticals are __ and ___-free and have two components ___ and ___
Definition
sterile, pyrogen
radionuclide, pharmaceutical
Term
can be bound to biologically active compounds or drugs to create a radiopharmaceutical
Definition
technetium
Term
a measure of radioactivity that corresponds to the decay rate
Definition
becquerel
Term
gamma camera components:
Definition
-collimator
-crystal and light pipe
-detector electronics
-computer
Term
an acquisition of a single image of a particular structure
Definition
static imaging
Term
specifically designed moving detector produces image of whole body
Definition
whole body imaging
Term
displays the distribution of radiopharmaceutical over a specified period
Definition
dynamic imaging
Term
creates thin slices of an organ similar to CT and MRI
Definition
SPECT imaging
Term
combination of functional imaging of SPECT with anatomical landmarks of CT
Definition
combined SPECT/ CT
Term
survey to evaluate patients with diffuse musculoskeletal symptoms, metabolic disorders, or malignancies
Definition
bone scintigraphy
Term
noninvasive studies that assess cardiac performance
Definition
nuclear cardiology
Term
document extent of involvement of brain by tumors, and determine progression or regression of lesions
Definition
brain SPECT study
Term
for a thyroid scan ____ or ___ can be used
Definition
99mTc pertechnetate or
123Iodine
Term
___ offers less radiation
Definition
99mTc pertechnetate
Term
radioiodine is concentrated by the thyroid glad that reflects the ability of the glad to handle ____
Definition
stable dietary iodine
Term
the higher the uptake of 131I, the __ the thyroid
Definition
more active
Term
the __ the uptake of 131I, the less functional the gland
Definition
lower
Term
nuclear medicine offers reliable, noninvasive procedures for evaluating the anatomy and fuction of __, __, and __ with dynamic renal scan
Definition
nephrology, urology, kidney
Term
radioiodine is a treatment in practically all adults with ____
Definition
grave's disease
Term
a high dose of 131Iodine therapy is used in patients with ___
Definition
residual thyroid cancer or metastases
Term
___ is used in the treatment of polycythemia disease
Definition
phoshporus-32 in form of sodium phosphate
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