Term
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Definition
| I: Infection-pneumococcal pneumonia; strep throat; syphalis; gonorhea;enterococcal; rheumatic fever prevention
A: Binds bacterial cell wall; bacteriosidal
SE: Hypersensitivity; *anapylaxsis; N/V/D; GI probs; superinfection; pain IM; phebitis IV
Data: Hx of previous rxns to pennecillins, cephalosporins; procain or benthine; C&S; Oral contraceptive use; renal status |
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Term
| Cephalosporins (Cefazolin) |
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Definition
| I: Skin/structure infection; pneumonia; speticemia; UTI; Cefazolin:Perioperative prophylaxisj
A: Bind cell membrane; bacteriosidal
SE: N/V/D; rashes; anaphylaxis; pain IM; phlebitis IV
Data: previous hypersensitivity to these or pennecillins; use cautiously in renal imparement |
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Term
| Amnioglycoside (neomycin; gentimicin; streptomycin) |
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Definition
I: serious gram- infections
A: prevents synthesis in bacteria at 30s ribsome
SE: ototoxcicity; nephrotoxicity
Data: Hearing status (crainial nerve VIII); renal status |
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Term
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Definition
| I:PCP (prophylaxsis with HIV); bronchitis; shigella
A: Inhibits folic acid metabolism in bacteria; affects gram + aerobic
SE: N/V; rashes; phlebitis; hepatic necrosis
Data: hypersensitivity; folate deficiency; renal/liver status |
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Term
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Definition
| *only given in the hospital
I: Prophylaxis/tx of thromboembolytic disorders; CVL patiency
A: Inhibits antithrombin factor on Xa and thrombin
SE: Anemia; thrombocytopenia; *bleeding
Data: Hypersensitivity; bleeding; platelt count (q2-3d); aPTT (30m a dose); *reverse with protamine sulfate, or withdraw (short 1/2 life....usually reverses w/in 4h). |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Prophylaxis/Tx of thromboembolytic disorders
A: Interferes with vitamin K dependant clotting factor synthesis
SE: *bleeding
Data: *bleeding; presence of ulcerative disease; liver/kidney disease; PT(INR)
**Reverse with vitamin K |
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Term
| Low MW Heparin (Enoxaparin) |
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Definition
| I: Prevent DVT and PE after surgery
A: Inhibitory effect of antithrombin factor on Xa and and thrombin
SE: Anemia; thrombocytopenia; *bleeding
Data: Allergy to pork (cross sensitivity); bleeding; liver/kidney disease; intial aPTT (but don't need to monitor long term); platlet count; CBC
**reverse with protamine sulfate. Can't reverse with withdrawl b/c of increased t1/2. |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Prevents N/V with chemo or surgery
A: Blocks seritonin at 5-HT receptors in vagal nerve and CTZ
SE: HA; constipation; diarrhea
Data needed: renal/heaptic function; administer prior to emetogenesis; watch for extrapyramidial SE |
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Term
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Definition
| I: N/V; psychosis; anxiety
A: Alters effects of dopamine on CNS; Depresses CTZ; anticholenergic and anti alpha adenergic
SE: Extrapyramidial; blurred vision; constipation; dry eyes; dry mouth; *neurolyptic malignant syndrome
Data: Additive with anti-HTN drugs; N/V; BP; EKG; RR; |
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Term
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Definition
| I: N/V; allergic conditions; motion sickness; pre-op sedation
A: Histamine blocker; depresses CTZ; anticholenergic
SE: Confusion; disorientation; sedation; *neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Data: BP; P; RR; N/V; allergy symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Uncontrolled seizures; anxiety; muscle relaxant
A: Depress CNS potentiating GABA; anti-covulsant r/t presynaptic inhibition
SE: dizziness; drowsiness; lethargy
Data: hypersensitivity; intensity, duration, and location of seizures; *inital dose should control seizures for 15-20 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| I: antiseizure (grand mal and partial complex); prophylaxis for 6-12 mo.
A: Limits seizures by altering ion transport
SE: hypotension; bradycardia; rash; nausea; *aplastic anemia; *agranulocytosis; *Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Data: hypersensitivity; HR; renal/liver status; intensity, duration, and location of seizures; ECG; pain;
** you need a loding dose** |
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Term
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Definition
| I: status elepticus; anxiety; insomnia; pre-op sedation;
A: Decrease seizures
SE: dizziness; drowsiness; lethargy; *apnea, *cardiac arrest
Data: hypersensitivity; intensity, duration, and location of seizures; |
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Term
| ACE Inhibitors ("pril", captopril) |
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Definition
| I: HTN managment; decrease risk of death post-MI; CHF
A: vasodilates arteries (decrease BP/afterload); diuretic;
SE: cough, hypotension; taste disurbances; *agranulocytosis; *neutropenia; *angioedema
Data: Hypersensitivty; BP; WBC; Urine (for protein) |
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Term
| Beta Blockers ("olol", metoprolol; propanolol; atenolol) |
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Definition
| I: HTN; angina: fast atrial arrthymias
A: vasodilates peripheral ateries (reduce afterload); decrease contractility (decrease work load); slows conduction through AV node (slows HR/decrease cardiac workload) |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Ventricular arrythmias not responsive to less toxic drugs
A: lengthens the absolute refractory period making it harder for an ectopic beat to stimulate depolarization
SE: dizziness; fatigue; malaise; N/V/C; *ARDS; *pulmonary fibrosis; *CHF
Data:HR; heart rhythm; LFT/Thyroid tests |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Ventricular Arrythmias
A: slows the rate of conduction/depolarization, (particularly in the Purkinje system) and decreases the force of electrical impulses
SE: *seizures; confusion; *dizziness; *cardiac arrest; stinging; *anaphylaxis
Data: BP/respiratory status |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias; PAC; PVC; Vtach; Atach
A: slows the rate of conduction/depolarization, (particularly in the Purkinje system) and decreases the force of electrical impulses
SE: anorexia; cramping; diarrhea; nausea; *hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
| I: speed up slow heart rates; bradycardia/heart block
A: blocks the effects of acetycholine/vagus nerve on body tissues; blocks smooth muscle contraction; decreases secretions
SE: drowsiness; blurred vision; tachycardia; dry mouth; urinary hesitancy
Data needed: glaucoma; hypersensitivity; hemorrhage; VS (esp BP/HR) |
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Term
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Definition
| I: CHF; tachyarrythmias (Afib; Aflutter)
A: increase force/strength of LV contraction (+ionatrophic); may slow AV condustion (decrease heart rate -chronotrophic)
SE: fatigue; bradycardia; anorexia; N/V; *arrhytmias
Data: Apical pulse for 1 full minute!!! withold if <60 ECG; any digtalis in past 2-3 weeks; monitor levels: .5-2ng/ml |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Improve BP, CO and U/O in shock unreponsive to fluids; CHF; hypotension; cardiac arrest
A: increases force/strenth of LVC; vasoconstrits peripheral arteries; speeds conduction through AV node.
SE: arrhythmias; hypotension
Data: Taking MAOI?; BP; HR; PP; ECG; CO; CVP; U/O |
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Term
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Definition
| I:cardiac arrest; CHF; hypotension; allergic rxn
A: increases force/strenth of LVC; vasoconstrits peripheral arteries; speeds conduction through AV node.
SE: nervousness; restlessness; tremor; angina; arrhythmia; hypertension; tachycardia
Data: BP; P; ECG; RR: volume status |
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Term
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Definition
| I: HTN; CHF; APE
A: Inhibits Na/H20 reabsorption in the kidney; decreases renal vascular resistance
SE: dehydration; decrease in electrolytes (K, Cl, MG, Na); hypovolemia; metabolic acidosis
Data: BP; P; fluid status; hearing status |
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Term
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Definition
| I: MI; Angina
A: vasodilates veins (decrease venous return therefore decrease preload); vasodilates arteries (decreases BP/afterload); vasodilates coronary/collateral arteries (increase blood to heart muscles)
SE: headache; hypotension; dizziness; tachcardia
D: BP/P before and after admin; location, duration, intensity and precipitating factors of pain |
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Term
| Streptokinase/Urokinase/tPA |
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Definition
| I: MI; PE
A: dissolves blood clots by activating substances that break down blood clots (plasminogen)
SE: reperfusion arrhythmias; *bleeding (GI, GU); intercrainal hemmhorrage;
D: bleeding; VSq4h; hypersensitivity; mental status. MI: ECG; heart/breath sounds; PE: P;BP; hemodynamics; respiratory status |
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Term
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Definition
| I: prevention/tx of hypokalemia; arrythmias r/t dig toxicity
A: acid base balance; isotonicity
SE: abdominal pain; N/V/D; flatulance; irritation at IV
Data: s/s of hypokalemia; BP; P; ECG
**NEVER push*** PIV must be < or= 10mEq/hr; CVL must be < or= to 20mEq/hr |
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Term
| Magnesium Sulfate (DO NOT Abbreviate!) |
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Definition
| I: Tx/prevent hypomagnesia; Tx of HTN; anticonvulsant in preeclampsia
A: Essental for many enzymatic function esp neurotransmission
SE: diarrhea
D: P; BP; RR; ECG; RR must be > 16/min before each dose! neurologic status; I/O; do not exceed 1mEq/kg/hr (125mg/kg/hr) |
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Term
| Proton pump inhibitors (prilosec) |
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Definition
| I: GERD/erosive esophagitis
A: Suppresses the H+, K+, ATPase enzyme system of the parietal cell--reduces the production of HCL
SE: diarrhea abdominal pain
D: administer before meals; don't crush/chem; get INR/PT if treating simultaneously with warfarin |
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Term
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Definition
| I: N/V postop and w/chemo
A: blocks CTZ in CNS; stimulates GI motility; dopamine receptor agonist
SE: Anxiety; diarrhea; extrapyramidal drowsiness; *NMS
Data: Assess for N/V; abdominal distention and bowel sounds |
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Term
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Definition
MgOH-neturalizes gastric acid secretion. (SE: diarrhea)
AlOH(Amphogel) neutralizes gastric acid secretion; binds phospate with meals; (SE: constipation)
Calcium Carbonate: neutralizes gastric acid secretion; phospate binder; calcium supplement (SE: constipation) |
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Term
| Kayexolate (Sodium polystyrene sulonate) |
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Definition
| I: mild to moderate hyperkalemia
A: exchanges Na for K in the intestine
SE: constipation; fecal impaction
Data: s/s of hyperkalemia; s/s of infection; bone density (can cause osteoporosis)
*(1g is exchange for 1mEq of K) |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID
I: short term management of pain
A: inhibits prostglandin synthesis
SE: drowsiness; anaphylaxis; change in vision; N/V; liver damage
D: w/asthma, aspirin allegry or nasal polyps there is an increased risk of hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID
A: inhibits cycloxygenase whihc produces the inflammatory/immune response. inhibits prostoglandin synthesis in the CNS and PNS
SE: *GI bleed; itching, rash, choking; tinnitis, anemia; ulcers
Data: |
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Term
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Definition
| Action: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
I: joint pain; arthritic inflammation; toothache; cold/flu pain
SE: GI upset, rash; itching; interferes with antihypertensive and diuretics; N/V
IS antiinflammatory and anticoagulative; has an effect on prostaglandins in the uterus for menstrual pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| NOT an NSAID
I: mild pain and fever
A: inhibits prostiglandin syntehsis in the CNS but not the PNS
SE: (rare) rash; pain; LIVER problems with prolonged use
***not anti inflammatory or anticoagulative***
D: malnourished for chronic ETOH users should take with water |
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Term
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Definition
| I: MI; Pain;
A: with MI it decreases the SNS (decrease pre/afterload and cardiac workload); also a vasodilator
SE: respiratory depression; Ortho; Increased ICP; common bile duct spasm constipation
Data: RR, do not adminster if less than 10/min
Antidote: narcan |
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Term
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Definition
| I: MI; Pain;
A: with MI it decreases the SNS (decrease pre/afterload and cardiac workload); also a vasodilator
SE: respiratory depression; Ortho; Increased ICP; common bile duct spasm constipation
Data: RR, do not adminster if less than 10/min
Antidote: narcan |
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Term
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Definition
I: moderate to severe pain
A: binds opiate receptors
SE: confusion; sedation; constipation
D: administer with food/milk to prevent GI irritation; don't crush extended release; BP; HR; RR (withhold if RR <10/min) |
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Term
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Definition
| I: Mild to moderate pain; antitussive
A:attaches to opiod receptors
SE: confusion; sedation; hypotension; N/V/C
D: BP; HR; RR (withhold if RR<10/min)
**Above 60 mg the side effects increase but there is no increase in pain coverage |
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Term
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Definition
| I: pain (mod to severe) extended relief; antitussive
A: binds opiate receptor in CNS; suppresses cough reflex\
SE: confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation
D: BP; HR; RR; (withhold if RR<10); IV do not exceed 2mg in 3-5 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| I: pain (moderate to severe); preop sedative;
A: binds opiate receptor
SE: confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation; N/V; *seizures
D: BR; HR; RR; (withhold if RR<10/min) |
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