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NU 214 Test 3
Oncology chapter
42
Nursing
Kindergarten
03/28/2014

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Cards

Term
hyperplasia is ?
Definition
increase in the number of cells of a tissue
Term
metaplasia is ?
Definition
conversion of one type of cell of mature cell into another type of cell
Term
dysplasia is ?
Definition
bizarre cell growth resulting in cells that differ in size, shape or arrangement
Term
anaplasia is ?
Definition
cells that lack normal cellular characteristics, malignant
Term
neoplasia is ?
Definition
uncontrolled cell growth that follows no physiological need
Term
Neoplasms are ?
Definition
malignant cancerous cells
Term
Primary prevention is ?
Definition
  • reducing the risks of disease thru health promotion
  • avoid carcinogens
  • dietary changes
  • lifestyle changes - smoking cessation
  • patient public education campaigns
Term
Secondary Prevention is ?
Definition
  • promote screening and early detection activities
  • breast /testicular self exams
  • pap test
  • mammograms
  • digital rectal exams
  • psa blood test
  • ID patients of high risk cancer
Term
Diagnosis of Cancer is ?
Definition
  • determine presence of tumor
  • id metastasis of disease
  • evalutea function of involved organs
  • biopsy tissues
Term
Management of Cancer is?
Definition
  • Cure
  • Control
  • Palliation
Term
Surgery of Cancer ?
Definition
  • diagnostic surgery
  • Sx as primary tx
  • prophylactic sx
  • palliative sx
  • reconstructive sx
Term
Radiation Therapy is?
Definition
  • use of ionizing radiation to interrupt the growth of malignant cells
Term
Administration of Radiation therapy ?
Definition
  • external radiation
    • external beam radiation therapy (ebrt)
    • stereotactic body radiotherapy(sbrt)
  • internal radiation - brachytherapy
    • intraluminal brachytherapy
    • intracavitary radioisotopes
    • interstitial implants
Term
Radiation toxicity ?
Definition
  • alopecia
  • stomatitis - inflammation of the oral tissue
  • xerostomia - dryness of the mouth
  • leukopenia - ↓ wbc
  • thrombocytopenia - ↓ platelets
Term
chemotherapy is ?
Definition
  • use of medications to kill tumor cells by interfering with cellular functions and reproduction
Term
cell cycle-specific agents are ?
Definition
  • chemo that are specific to certain phases of the cell cycle
Term
cell cycle-non specific is ?
Definition
  • chemo that act independently of the cell cycle phases
Term
Extravasation is ?
Definition
  • ability to damage soft tissue if they inadvertently leak from a vein
  • classified as:
    • nonvesicant - mild discomfort
    • irritant - induce inflammtory response
    • vesicant - cause necrosis, tissue damage
Term
Chemotherapy toxicity is ?
Definition
  • N/V
  • Stomatitis - inflammation of oral tissues
  • mucositis - inflammation of the gi tract
  • diarrhea
  • myelosuppression - depression of bone marrow
  • renal/cardiac/reprod/cns damage
  • fatigue
Term
neutropenia is ?
Definition
  • abnormally low absolute neutrophil count
  • ↓ granulocytes
Term
Leukopenia is ?
Definition
  • ↓ production of wbc
Term
Thrombocytopenia is ?
Definition
  • ↓ platelets
Term
Types of bone marrow transplants are ?
Definition
  • allogeneic - donor
  • autologus - from the pt
  • syngeneic - from twin
Term
Graft -versus-tumor effect ?
Definition
  • donor cells recognize the malignant cells and act to eliminate them
Term
Targeted therapies are ?
Definition
  • cancer tx that seek to minimize the negative effects on healthy tissues by disrupting specific cancer cell functions
  • biologic response modifier
  • nonspecific biologic response modifier
  • monoclonal antibodies
Term
Biologic response modifier is ?
Definition
  • use of agents or treatment methods that can alter the immunologic relationship between the tumor and the host to provide a therapeutic benefit
Term
cytokines are ?
Definition
  • substances produced by cells of the immune system to enhance the production and functioning of components of the immune system
    • interferons - antiviral/antitumor
    • interleukins - lymphokines monokines
Term
Retinoids are ?
Definition
  • vitamin a derivatives
Term
Cancer vaccines are ?
Definition
  • autologus vaccines - made from pts own cancer cells
  • allogeneic vaccines - obtained from other people
  • prophylactic vaccines - to prevent
  • therapeutic vaccines - to kill existing cancer cells
Term
Gene therapy is ?
Definition
  • tumor directed - suicide gene into tumor cell
  • active immunotherapy - invoke antitumor responses
  • adoptive immunotherapy - cause tumor destruction
Term
Nutritional problems ?
Definition
  • anorexia
  • malaborption
  • cachexia - loss of all body tissues
Term
Complications from cancer ?
Definition
  • infection
  • septic shock
  • bleeding/hemorrhage
Term
Nadir is ?
Definition
  • lowest ANC after myelosuppressive chemo or radiation that suppress bone marrow production
Term
Oncologic emergencies are ?
Definition
  • superior vena cava syndrome
  • spinal cord compression
  • hypercalcemia
  • pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
  • DIC
  • SIADH
Term
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome is ?
Definition
  • compression  or invasion of the SVC by tumor
  • s/s include
    • sob, cough, hoarsness chest pain, facial swelling
    • edema of neck, arms, hands, thorax
    • JVD of neck arms head
    • ICP
Term
Spinal Cord Compression ?
Definition
  • compression of the cord and its nerves
  • s/s include
    • back neck pain
    • neurologic function
    • motor loss
Term
Hypercalcemia is ?
Definition
  • when calcium released from the bones is more than the kidneys  can excrete or the bones can reabsorb
  • s/s include
    • ↑ 11mg
    • fatigue
    • weakness
    • confusion
    • N/V
Term
Pericardial Effusion is ?
Definition
  • accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space
Term
Cardiac Tamponade is ?
Definition
  • occurs when the accumulation compresses the heart and thereby impedes expansion of the ventricles
Term
DIC is ?
Definition
  • disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • aka consumption coagulopathy
  • comples disorder of coagulation or fribrinolysis(destruction of clots) which results in thrombosis or bleeding
Term
SIADH is ?
Definition
  • the continuous uncontrolled release of ADH, produced by tumor cells (fluid volume increases)
Term
Tumor lysis syndrome is ?
Definition
  • potentially fatal complication associated with radiation, chemo induced cell destruction of large rapidly growing cancers
  • leads to electrolyte imbalances d/t kidneys can no longer excrete large volumes of metabolites
    • hyperkalemia
    • hypocalcemia
    • hyperphosphatemia
    • hyperuricemia
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