Term
| How did Palestine come to be ruled by the Greeks |
|
Definition
| Alexander the Great established Palestine as part of the Greek Empire (300s BCE) |
|
|
Term
| How did the Syrian Greeks end up ruling Palestine? |
|
Definition
| Alexander died and the Empire got split between his Egyptian general and his Syrian general. The Syrian Greeks eventually took over after the Egyptian Greeks |
|
|
Term
| What was the problem with Syrian Greek rule? |
|
Definition
| Less tolerant of Jews. Taxed them heavily. Greeks->POLYTHESITS |
|
|
Term
| Two responses of the People in Palestine to the Syrian Greek rule? |
|
Definition
- Wealthy ones - accommodaters
- "Pious ones" - resented Greek rule
|
|
|
Term
| What's the story behind Hanukkah? |
|
Definition
| The Greeks took over the temple and built an altar to Zeus. The Maccabees led a revolt. They were running out of oil for their lamps, but the oil miraculously lasted 8 days. They won. |
|
|
Term
| What's the original name of the feast of Hanukkah? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the hero from the story of Hanukkah and what does his name mean? |
|
Definition
| Judas Maccabeus "The Hammer" |
|
|
Term
| What was the major political problem during the period of Jewish independence? |
|
Definition
- poor leadership
- office of priesthood got corrupted
|
|
|
Term
| What were the 3 political factions among the Jews? |
|
Definition
| Sadducees, Essenes, Pharisees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wanted to adapt to new ways of Greeks. Group mostly made up of the wealthy and the priests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Strongly believed in the Jewish law. Left and went and lived in caves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compromise between the old ways and the new, Greek ways. Group mostly made up of teachers |
|
|
Term
| Name the geographic factions that developed in Palestine |
|
Definition
- Galilee (Far North)
- Samaria (North)
- Judea (Center)
- Idumea (South)
|
|
|
Term
| The Judean Jews disliked the Galileans and the Idumeans because |
|
Definition
| They had to be forced/convinced to accept the Jewish faith. Weren't considered fully committed. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Jews hate the Samaritans? |
|
Definition
| The Samaritans had not gone to Babylonian Exile with them. They had "lost touch". They developed new traditions, rewrote some scriptures, and built a new temple. |
|
|
Term
| How did the Romans come to dominate Palestine? |
|
Definition
| They were invited in to help restore order, but they never left and ended up taking over. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man from Idumea put in charge by the Romans. Executed all the male children age 2 and under in hope of destroying the "new king" that was born. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Son of Herod the Great, given control of Galilee and Perea. Brought rage of John the Baptist, had him beheaded [on request of a girl that danced for him (Possibly erotically?)not important for test] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Roman Procurator -Roman official sent to govern- during Jesus' public ministry. [Pontius replaced an inept ruler of a son of Herod the Great. Not particularly important for test] |
|
|
Term
| Explain the "Slaughter of the Innocents" and how did Jesus escape? |
|
Definition
| Herod the Great had all male children under 2 killed. Family of Jesus escaped to Egypt, possibly for a few years. [Note to self- if Joseph is Jesus' "Foster Father" then how is Jesus "born of David's line"?] |
|
|
Term
| Explain the Jewish expectation of the Messiah. How did Jesus fit or not fit this expectation? |
|
Definition
| In short- Life sucked. They wanted a good leader to come and overthrow the Romans. Jesus was not the "King" they expected (although somehow being Joseph's foster son made him "born of David's line". Whatever) He was not a big political leader and he did not overthrow the Romans. |
|
|
Term
| What happened in 70 CE? (Obscure, I know) |
|
Definition
| Big revolt - The Zealots (political activists) The Zealots lost and the Romans destroyed the temple. Again. |
|
|
