Term
| When is water most dense? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| amount of water vapor in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| When a certain volume of air is saturated. Depends on Temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of water vapor described as a % of the max humidity. Also depends on Temp. |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature at which condensation occurs for a give amount of water. |
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Term
| unconfined vs confined aquifer |
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Definition
| Local recharge vs possibly very distance recharge. |
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Term
| What 3 principle factors control global water surpluses and deficits? |
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Definition
| Global atmospheric circulation, prevailing winds, and topography! |
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Term
| Break down water percentages in terms of what's stored as what and then what is available for us? |
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Definition
| 97.6% oceans. 2.4% freshwater. 1.97% of that is frozen. .03% of that is available for human use! |
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Term
| How many Americans drink water that does not meet the EPAs standards? |
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Definition
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Term
| When was the clean water act created? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1977 amendment to the clean water act |
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Definition
| No discharging into navigable waters without a permit, created funds for sewage treatment plants and recognized the importance of non-point source pollution! |
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Term
| How much of the CWA's money comes from where? |
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Definition
| 54 billion from FEDS and 128 billion from state and local. |
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Term
| What does section 404 of the clean water act say? |
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Definition
| You can't drain or fill a wetland. (is that legal?) |
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Term
| CECLA stands for? when was it created? |
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Definition
| Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act. in 1980. |
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Term
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Definition
| Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act in 1984. |
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Term
| Name two agreements between governments to reduce water pollution? |
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Definition
| great lake water quality agreement in 1972 between US and Canada. And London dumping convention in 1990 to stop ocean dumping by 1995. |
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Term
| Name some countries they have lots of refillable containers? |
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Definition
| Denmark, Finland and Germany. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any unwanted or discarded material we produce that is not a liquid of a gas. |
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Term
| Municipal vs Industrial Solid Waste |
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Definition
| Produced by homes vs produced by industries. |
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Term
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Definition
| threatens human health or the environment because it is toxic, chemically active, corrosive or flammable. |
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Term
| What should be the 3 top priorities for solid and hazardous wastes? |
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Definition
1st: Primary pollution and waste prevention. 2nd: Secondary pollution and waste prevention. 3rd: waste management.
Unfortunately we often rely heavily on the 3rd method only. Look up more about all 3 in the textbook! |
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Term
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Definition
| Refuse, Reduce, reuse, re-purpose and recycle |
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Term
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Definition
| don't buy something unless you need it! |
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Term
| Close loop vs secondary recycling |
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Definition
| Used again for the same purpose vs used for something new! |
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Term
| What is the average residency time for water in the ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the largest reserves of freshwater? |
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Definition
| Ice and then ground water and then land water? |
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Term
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Definition
| the top of the zone of saturation |
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Term
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Definition
| Lake- inland depression that has FW year around. Pond- shallow and small enough for rooted plants to for no most of it's bottom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the smallest FW reserve and has the fastest turnover! |
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Term
| How much water from rivers and streams can we store? |
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Definition
| 1/3. The rest is in floods that are too violent for us! |
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Term
| Every continent has a drought cycle, how long is ours? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Total amount of water taken from a source |
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Term
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Definition
| fraction of withdrawed water that is the made unavaliable for other purposes. |
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Term
| How much water does the average US citizen use a day? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| change in water quality due to contamination making it unsuitable for a desired purpose! |
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Term
| What 2 tests are commonly done for groundwater? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ground water is the source of nearly what percent of FW in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| critically important for US food production. Has no discharge because it's fossil water. 2/5ths is gone and it has fallen over 100 ft since 1940! |
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Term
| Ways to increase water supplies? |
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Definition
| Cloud seeding (steels from others), iceberg towing, and desalination. |
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Term
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Definition
| 700,000 years old. use ot be 60 times larger. 1/3 has been diverted for human use. No outlet makes it naturally salty and alkaline. Finally protected in 1994. |
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Term
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Definition
| any chemical, biological or physical change in water quality that has a harmful affect on living organisms or makes water unsuitable for a desired use! |
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Term
| Main physical properties of water? |
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Definition
| Color, smell, taste, temperature, turbidity (measured with a seci disc!) |
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Term
| Chemical properties of water? |
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Definition
| DO- dissolved oxygen and pH. |
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Term
| Biological properties of water? |
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Definition
| BOD- biological oxygen demand, plant and animal species present. |
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Term
| what is the main source of waterborne pathogens? |
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Definition
| improperly treated human wastes! |
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Term
| What are the main sources of water pollution? |
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Definition
| Infectious agents, inorganic pollutants, nonmetallic salts, acids/bases, organic chemicals, sediment and thermal pollution. |
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Term
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Definition
| by products of creating plant toxins and agent orange- is really nasty! |
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Term
| What important EPA development happened in 1998? |
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Definition
| The EPA switched regulatory approaches to shift focus on monitoring and protecting watersheds. |
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Term
| Who in the US relies on groundwater? |
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Definition
| 1/2 US population and 95% of rural residents rely on groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
| a really terrible for your health gasoline additive! |
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Term
| What is the oxygen sag curve? |
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Definition
| Look up! But basically pollution makes BOD increased and the DO goes down and then BOD goes down as DO slowly increases and everything returns to normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| plant nutrient inputs that are greatly accelerated! |
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Term
| How long does it take marine life to recover from oil? |
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Definition
| 3 years for crude and 10 to 20 years for refine oil! |
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Term
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Definition
| a physical process that uses screens and girt tank to remove large floating objects and allow settling. |
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Term
| secondary sewage treatment |
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Definition
| a biological process that uses aerobic bacterial to remove as much as 90% of dissolved and biodegradable oxygen demanding organic wastes! |
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Term
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Definition
| Solid wastes are spread out in thin layers and compacted and covered daily to reduce smell and contamination. |
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Term
| 2 biggest sources of hazardous wastes? |
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Definition
| organic compounds and heavy chemicals |
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Term
| Why are pay as you throw programs good? |
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Definition
| They encourage waste separation and recycling. |
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Term
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Definition
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act- cradle to grave system of waste tracking! |
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Term
| Phyiscal hazard remediation? |
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Definition
| Charcoal or resins separate out toxins |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria or enzymes help destroy toxic and hazardous waste or at least make them more benign. |
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Term
| chemical hazard remediation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| natural/gmo plants to absorb, filter and remove contaminants from polluted soil or water. |
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Term
| Processes of air pollution? |
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Definition
| Attrition- rubber worn off tires as particular matter in the air and environment, vaporization and combustion! |
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Term
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Definition
| do not go through the smokestack, sneak out other ways! |
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Term
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Definition
| pollutants from combustion? |
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Term
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Definition
| suspended particular matter |
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Term
| what SPMs are fine and ultrafine? |
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Definition
| less than 10 and less than 2.5! |
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Term
| Brown air vs Grey air cities? |
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Definition
| worst in summer-caused by NO2 (secondary pollution) vs worst in winter caused by particulate matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| temp inversion caused by low pressure systems |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by a valley usually. |
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Term
| What is more harmful to human health indoor or outdoor air pollution? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a branch of philosophy that defines what is fundamentally right and wrong, regardless of cultural or time differences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ethics that are filtered by society. They reflect the predominant attitudes and feelings of a culture about ethical issues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Schweitzer's passionate quest was to discover a universal ethical philosophy, anchored in a universal reality, and make it directly available to all of humanity. Also said don't take a life unless necessary. Was a humanitarian and life advocate. |
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Term
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Definition
| ALF, PETA, Earth First, ecofeminism |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be more ethical, keeps population in check (keeps animals from starving), is al' natural! |
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