Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
physical and chemical breakdown of parent
material into smaller fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soil’s ability to support plant growth |
|
|
Term
| Rank sand silt and clay in particle size |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allows diffusion of oxygen into, and carbon dioxide out of the soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
* Not spread of deserts
* Actually land degradation |
|
|
Term
| Soil Degradation Vs Soil Erosion |
|
Definition
| Degradation is the change in quality of soil (reduction of capacity to support plants), and erosion is when soil particles are carried away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Non-consumptive vs consumptive water |
|
Definition
Non-comsumptive - Water may be "tainted", but still available. Ex industrial waste water, etc.
Consumptive - Water does not return to source (ex: evaporates and moves) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where freshwater mixes with saltwater and is used productively |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the upper surface of groundwater |
|
|
Term
| falling water table means ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gradual settling or sudden sinking of earths materials (ex: sinkholes)
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Greatest threat to irrigated agriculture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plants that don't need extra water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| slightly dirtied water from sinks, etc |
|
|
Term
| 40% of US land drains into the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Point-source pollution vs non-point source |
|
Definition
| defined (waste from factory) and easy to see, vs hard to define and hard to see (agriculture runoff) |
|
|
Term
| the two most important nutrients for aquatic plant growth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nutrients become pollutants when ______ |
|
Definition
| They simulate undesired growth in water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Overgrowth of organisms (ex: algae bloom) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Farmers grow food for themselves (limited trade). |
|
|
Term
| Slash-and-burn agriculture |
|
Definition
| Burn forest, use ash as nutrient topsoil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technologies in the 1940s/50s that expanded food production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subsistence farmers who constantly move their livestock (similar to nomads that serve themselves) |
|
|
Term
| Undernourishment vs malnutrition |
|
Definition
Undernourishment = lack of calories
malnutrition = lack of nutrients |
|
|
Term
| Modern agriculture can be thought of as unsustainable. Why? |
|
Definition
| It damages the ecosystems around us |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organism that interferes with human activity |
|
|
Term
| Integrated pest management (IPM) |
|
Definition
| Combines chemical and ecological control to manage pests |
|
|
Term
| Pesticide use has (increased/decreased) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Harmful chemicals get more concentrated (biomass example) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple factors work together to create a common outcome |
|
|
Term
| Primary vs secondary energy sources |
|
Definition
Primary -> comes from nature (sun)
Secondary -> stored (electric) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fractures shale to release trapped gas |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear Power Plant # in the US |
|
Definition
| Has been stagnant since 1970s |
|
|
Term
| Nuclear Energy is made by __ |
|
Definition
| a the nuclear reaction, so energy is released gradually as heat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fission is atom splitting. Fusion is atom joining |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hydropower - how it works |
|
Definition
| dams under high pressure generate energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reflectivity of Earth’s surface to sunlight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unstable isotopes become stable by ejection of particles and radiation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Energy derived from present-day photosynthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Electrical device that converts energy of light to electricity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much energy a gas will absorb or retain in the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| Methane heats ____ more effectively than Co2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Effects of temperature and salinity on density of seawater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary vs secondary pollutants |
|
Definition
| primary - direct products of combustion and evaporation (ex: CO, lead, etc) Secondary - formed by primary (ex: ozone) |
|
|
Term
| Industrial vs photochemical smog |
|
Definition
Industrial - An irritating, grayish mix of soot, sulfur compounds, and water
vapor (ex: china)
Photochemical - Brownish, irritating haze in warm areas. Arises during morning traffic in big cities.
[image] |
|
|
Term
In the troposphere, temperatures _____ with height
In the stratosphere, they _____ with height |
|
Definition
| decrease in troposphere, increase in stratosphere |
|
|
Term
| Temperature inversion (definition and affects) |
|
Definition
Temperatures increase as you go up in troposphere
Causes pollution to build up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Precipitation with pH < 5.5 |
|
|
Term
| Which places are urbanizing the fastest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Regional center for a whole area |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rural residents are poorer and have less access to healthcare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Squatter area made of plywood and sheets of metal and plastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Suburbs, low density residential areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of how the world works |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Human Development Index - assesses the
human well-being of nations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it can continue indefinitely |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caring for something they do not own (ex - environment) |
|
|
Term
| Levels of Biological Organization (top to bottom) |
|
Definition
| landscape, ecosystem, community, population, species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin layer of gases
that separate the earth from outer
space.
Mixture of molecules of O2, N2,
and CO2 + water vapor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water is important molecule for living things. It’s the main source of H2. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed of rocks and minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| concert energy into raw materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reverse of photosynthesis and consumes oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This cycle is not connected to the atmosphere |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves different groups of bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Study of what is good and right |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Published book Silent Spring about use of pesticides, started environment trend |
|
|
Term
| Scientific Method (in order) |
|
Definition
| Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data Collection, Interpret Results, Peer Review, Publication |
|
|
Term
| Information obtained using the scientific method must be ____ |
|
Definition
| accurate, credible, and communicated clearly to the public |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Growth factors)
When logistic curve is approaching carrying capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Limiting factors to population growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| produce a lot of young, but leave their survival to nature (most plants and insects) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower reproductive rate, but care for young (ex: mammals) |
|
|
Term
| density dependent limiting factor vs density independent limiting factor |
|
Definition
density dependent - increases with increased pop density
density independent - independent of pop density |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One organism is destroyed, the other remains unaffected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One organism benefits, other does not care |
|
|
Term
| Biotic potneital vs environmental resistance on graph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Group of communities and their environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Predation, Competition , Mutualism, etc |
|
|
Term
| Intraspecific competition vs Interspecific competition |
|
Definition
competition between members of same species -> intraspecific
competition between members of different species -> interspecific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
environmental resistance factors that affect survival and reproduction
ex: predators, parasites, drought, etc |
|
|
Term
| Selective pressures by environmental resistance continually _________ |
|
Definition
| test the gene pool of a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Produce their own organic material from inorganic molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must consume organic material for energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific, localized area that is different from overall region climate (ex - California mtns) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transition from one biotic community to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic, species, and ecological variety |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| species of living things that are responsible for ecosystem structure and maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a species’ or organism’s existence or use benefits some other entity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something has value for its own sake (ex not useful to humans) |
|
|
Term
| 2 metrics to calculate biodiversity |
|
Definition
| number of species and how even the species are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Found in only one habitat |
|
|
Term
| Reasons for decline in biodiversity |
|
Definition
| habitat destruction, invasive species, pollution, population, over exploitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ecosystem can regen on its own |
|
|
Term
| most over-exploited ecosystem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animal husbandry and first agriculture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Industrialized agriculture and pesticide resistance (1950+) |
|
|
Term
| TFR guidelines and definition |
|
Definition
total fertility rate - avg # of children a woman has in lifetime
TFR = 2 stable pop
TFR < 2 shrinking pop
TFR > 2 growing pop |
|
|
Term
| Population profile sample graph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the effect of current age structures on future populations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| # of births/deaths per 1000 people each year |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high birth rate to low birth rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Population * Affluence * Technology (I = PAT)
used in ecological footprint |
|
|
