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Nov. 3 Lecture
Part 1
25
Nursing
Graduate
11/07/2014

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Term
THE UPPER PORTION OF THE RESPIRATORY TREE IS WHAT IS KNOWN AS WHAT? DOES GAS EXCHANGE OCUR HERE?
Definition
THE CONDUCTING ZONE. NO
Term
SINCE THE CONDUCTING ZONE IS NOTHING MORE THAN A SERIES OF TUBES TO BRING AIR INTO AND OUT OF THE ALVEOLI WHAT LAT WILL IT ADHERE TO?
Definition
POISEUILLE'S LAW. TAKE INTO ACCOUNT VELOCITY, FLOW, RADIES, PRESSURES
Term
WHAT IS THE REASON THAT WE NEED THE C-SHAPED HYALINE CARTILAGIONOUS RINGS?
Definition
THE TRACHES EXISTS OUTSIDE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY. THE TRACHEA MUST HAVE CARTILAGINOUS RINGS AND CONSEQUENCE IF THOSE RINGS ARE DAMAGED BECAUSE DURING INSPIRATION, AS WE INHALE, THE AIR PRESSURE THAT IS INSIDE OF THE TRACHEA IS ACTUALLY LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. IF THE TRACHEA, BEING ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY WERE INDEED A COLLAPSIBLE TUBE, EVERY TIME WE WOULD TRY TO INHALE THE TRACHEA WOULD COLLAPSE. IF NOT COLLPASE COMPLETELY, AT LEAST COLLAPSE TO A CERTAIN DEGREE TO WHERE AIRWAY RESISTANCE WOULD BE INCREASED.
Term
WHAT IS THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE C-SHAPED RINGS OF THE TRACHEA?
Definition
TO MAINTAIN THE TRACHEA IN ITS WIDE OPEN STATE DURING INHALATION. DURING EXHALATION IT DOESN'T REALLY MATTER. IF WE DIDN'T HAVE THE C-SHAPED CARTILAGINOUS RINGS HOLDING THE TRACHEA OPEN, DURING INHALATION THE TRACHEA WOULD COLLAPSE.
Term
WHY DOES THE SHAPE SHAPED RINGS NOT CONTINUE AROUND THE TRACHEA?
Definition
THE ESOPHAGUS MUST BE ABLE TO RELAX AND EXPAND WHEN A BOLUD OF FOD PASSES THROUGH IT AND IT MUST BE ABLE TO CONTRACT TO PUSH FOOD DOWN TOWARDS THE STOMACH. IT ALLOWS IT TO BE ATTACHED TO THE ESOPHAGUS AND EXPAND AND CONTRACT WHILE THE ESOPHAGUS EXPANDS AND CONTRACTS SINCE THEY ARE TIED TOGETHER.
Term
IN THE LINING OF THE TRACHEA ARE WHAT TYPE OF CELLS?
Definition
PSUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (PSCCE).
Term
IF YU HAVE ONE SINGLE LAYER OF CELLS WHAT IS IT CALLED?
Definition
SIMPLE COLUMNAR.
Term
IF YOU HAVE LAYERS OF CELLS WE CALL THAT WHAT?
Definition
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR.
Term
FOR PSUDOSTRATIFIED CELLS OF THE TRACHEA DOES EVERY CELL TOUCH THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE?
Definition
YES. IT LOOKS STRATIFIED BUT ITS NOT REALLY, ITS ACTUALLY SIMPLE BECAUSE ITS ONE LAYER OF CELLS AND EVERY CELL TOUCHES THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE. THATS WHERE PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COMES FROM. COLUMNAR COMES FROM THE FACT THAT ITS TALLER THAN IT IS WIDE.
Term
THE LINING OF THE TRACHES'S CELLS ARE CALLED EPITHELIUM. WHAT DOES EPITHELIA MEAN?
Definition
EPITHELIA EITHER COVER THE SURFACE OF THE BODY OR LINE A HOLLOW ORGAN. THE TRACHEA IS A HOLLOW ORGAN. IT HAS A LUMEN.
Term
ON THE TOP OF THE EPITHELIUM CELLS IN THE LUNGS IS CALLED ___. THIS IS WAHT FORMS THE ___ ____.
Definition
CILIA, MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR. THROUGHOUT THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, INTERSPERSED IN THE PSCCE, WE HAVE WHAT ARE CALLED GOBLET CELLS. THESE ARE MUCUS-PRODUCING CELLS.
Term
WHAT DO WE HAVE MUCUS?
Definition
TO TRAP THINGS. MUCUS IS STICKY.
Term
HOW DO WE KEEP BACTERIA OUT OF THE ALVEOLI?
Definition
IT'S BRILLANT BECAUSE THE WALL OF THE CONDUCTING ZONE ARE LINED WITH A LAYER OF SNOT. A LAYER OF MUCUS.
Term
WHAT HAPPENS IF THERE IS A VERY HIGH LIKELIHOOD THAT A LITTLE BUG WILL GET TRAPPED IN THE MUCUS? HOW DO I GET RID OF IT?
Definition
WE GET RID OF IT THROUGH THE MUCOCILIARY ESCALATOR.
Term
IN THE LUNGS WHERE IS THE SIDE OF COUGH REFLEC?
Definition
THE CARINA. IT IS THE MOST SENSITIVE AREA OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. IF SOMETHING DOESN'T GET STUCK TO THE WALL, IT'S GOING TO HIT THE CARINA AND CAUSE YOU TO COUGH.
Term
WHEN WE TRANSITION FROM A SINGEL TUBE TO A DOUBLE TUBE (LUNGS) WHAT TYPE OF FLOW IS THAT CALLED?
Definition
TURBULENT. WE THEN CAN ESTABLISH LAMINAR FLOW IF THE SECOND TUBE IS LONG ENOUGH.
Term
WHAT TYPE OF FLOW MAKES IT MORE LIKEL FOR THINGS TO STICK TO THE WALLS?
Definition
TURBULENT
Term
JUST LIKE THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM WHEN WE COMPARED THE AORTA TO THE ARTERIES, TO THE ARTERIOLES, ETC.. WE SEE A CHANGE IN THE AMOUNT OF ELASTIC FIBERS AND A CHANGE IN THE AMOUNT OF SMOOTH MUSCLE. WHERE IS THIS LOCATED AT?
Definition
BRONCHI. AS WE MOVE FROM THE TRACHEA TO THE BRONCHI, INSTEAD OF ELASTIC FIBERS, WE SEE A REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF CARTILAGE.
Term
WHAT PART OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT DO WE HAVE INCOMPLETE CARTILAGINOUS RINGS?
Definition
BRONCHI
Term
AS WE MOVE DOWN TO THE BRONCHIOLES DO WE HAVE CARTILAGE? WHAT DO WE SEE MORE OF?
Definition
NO. THE LOWER WE GO DOWN, THE LESS CARTILAGE WE ARE GOING TO HAVE. CONVERSELY, THE LOWER WE MOVE DOWN TOWARDS THE RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLES WE HAVE MORE AND MORE SMOOTH MUSCLE.
Term
IN THE BRONCHI WE HAVE WHAT TYPE OF CELLS (2 TYPES) TO HELP KEEP THINGS FROM GETTING TO THE ALVEOLI?
Definition
PSCCE AND GOBLET CELLS.
Term
WHAT PART OF THE LUNGS HAVE NO CARTILAGE BUT HAVE SMOOTH MUSCLE?
Definition
BRONCHIOLES
Term
WHAT IS THE SITE OF AIRFLOW REGULATION?
Definition
BRONCHIOLES. WE CAN THINK OF OUR BRONCHIOLES AS BEING ANALOGOUS TO THE ARTERIOLES. THIS IS WHERE WE REGULATE OUR AIRFLOW.
Term
WHAT RECEPTORS REGULATE WHICH AREA OF THE LUNG WILL BE VENTILATED?
Definition
BETA RECEPTORS (BRONCHODILATION) AND MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS (BRONCHOCONSTRICTION). SNS AND PNS.
Term
THE BRONCHIOLES HAVE LESS PSCCE AND WE TRANSITION INTO MORE WHAT?
Definition
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM. WE HAVE TO HAVE IT IN THE ALVEOLI BC IT IS ONE CELL LAYER THICK SO GAS EXCHANGE CAN TAKE PLACE. YOU DON'T TRANSITION FROM 1 TYPE OF CELL TO THE OTHER. THERE IS A TRANSITION.
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