Term
TURBINATES
1. How many are there?
2. How are they refered to?
3. What is their function?
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Definition
1. three turbinates
2. superior, middle, inferior
3. warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air
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Term
PARANASAL SINUSES
1. How many pairs of sinuses are there?
2. Which sinuses are accessble to examination?
3. Which sinuses are smaller and deeper?
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Definition
1. Four pairs (frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid)
2. frontal & maxillary
3. ethmoid & sphenoid
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Term
FRONTAL SINUSES
(location) |
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Definition
| in the frontal bone above and medial to the orbits |
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Term
MAXILLARY SINUSES
(location) |
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Definition
| in the maxilla (cheeckbone)along the side walls of the nasal cavity |
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Term
ETHMOID SINUSES
(location) |
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Definition
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Term
SPHENOID SINUSES
(location) |
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Definition
| deep within the skull in the sphenoid bone |
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Term
HARD PALATE
1. What's it made of?
2. What color is it normally? With jaundice? |
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Definition
1. bone
2. whitish color normally; yellow with jaundice |
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Term
SOFT PALATE
1. Where is it located in relation to the hard palate?
2. What is it made of?
3. What color is it? |
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Definition
1. posterior
2. arch of muscle
3. pink |
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Term
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Definition
| free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate |
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Term
SALIVARY GLANDS
1. How many are there?
2. What are they referred to?
3. What gland goes to which duct? |
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Definition
1. Three
2. Parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual
3. Parotid/stensen's duct
Submandibular/wharton's duct
Sublingual/ many small openings under the tongue |
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Term
PAROTID GLAND
1. location
2. size
3. associated duct |
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Definition
1. lies within the cheek in front of the ear extending from zygomatic arch down to angle of the jaw
2. largest out of the 3 glands
3. stensen's duct |
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Term
STENSEN'S DUCT
(location of opening) |
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Definition
| opens on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molar |
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Term
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
1. location
2. size
3. duct |
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Definition
1. lies beneath mandible at angle of the jaw
2. walnut size
3. Wharton's duct |
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Term
WHARTON'S DUCT
(location of opening) |
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Definition
| opens at either side of the frenulum |
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Term
SUBLINGUAL GLAND
1. location
2. size
3. duct |
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Definition
1. lies within the floor of the mouth under the tongue
2. smallest gland; almond size
3. many small openings along fold under the tongue |
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Term
PERMANENT TEETH
(how many) |
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Definition
| adults have 32 permanent teeth (16 each arch) |
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Term
DECIDUOUS TEETH
1. also known as
2. how many |
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Definition
1. aka temporary teeth
2. children have 20 deciduous teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| separated from the mouth by the tonsillar pillars |
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Term
TONSILS
1. location
2. composed of
3. grading |
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Definition
1. behind the tonsillar pillars
2. lymphoid tissue
3. 1+ Visible
2+ Halfway between tonsillar
pillars and uvula
3+ Touching the uvula
4+ Touching each other |
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Term
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Definition
continuous with the orophaynx
located above the oropharynx and behind the nasal cavity |
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Term
BIFID UVULA
1. definition
2. prevalence by race |
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Definition
1. benign condition where the uvula is split either completely or partially
2. 18% native americans; 10% asians; rare in whites and blacks |
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Term
CLEFT LIP & CLEFT PALATE
(prevalence by race) |
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Definition
| most common in asians (Japanese) and least common in blacks |
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Term
ACUTE RHINITIS
1. definition
2. discharge common with rhinitis (consistency) |
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Definition
1. nasal mucosa is swollen and bright red with an upper respiratory infection
Rhinitis = Red
2. varies from watery and copious to thick, purulent, and green-yellow |
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Term
CHRONIC ALLERGY
(mucosa appearance) |
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Definition
| swollen, boggy, pale, gray |
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Term
TONGUE
1. where are oral malignancies most likely to develop?
2. what should be taken note of when inspecting the tongue? |
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Definition
1. entire U-shaped area under the tongue behind the teeth
2. note white patches, nodules, or ulcerations |
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Term
TONGUE CANCER
(what increases risk) |
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Definition
| heavy smoking and drinking |
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Term
TONSIL
1. grading
2. what size is desirable?
3. what may cause enlarged tonsils? |
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Definition
1. 1+ visible
2+ halfway between tonsillar
pillars and uvula
3+ touching the uvula
4+ touching each other
2. 1+
3. tonsils are enlarged to 2+, 3+, 4+ with an acute infection |
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Term
EPISTAXIS
1. definition
2. most common site of epistaxis
3. cause of epistxis |
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Definition
1. nosebleed
2. Kiesselback's plexus in the anterior septum
3. nose picking, forceful coughing or sneezing, fracture, foreign body, rhinitis, heavy exertion, coagulation disorder, HTN (late symptoms) |
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Term
PERFORATED SEPTUM
1. definition
2. cause |
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Definition
1. hole in the septum, usually in the cartilaginous part
2. snorting cocaine, chronic infections, trauma from continual picking of crusts, nasal surgery, aferin nasal spray |
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Term
SINUSITIS
1. definition
2. signs
3. symptoms |
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Definition
1. facial pain after an upper respiratory infection
2. red swollen nasal mucosa, swollen turbinates, purulent discharge
3. fever, chills, malaise |
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Term
| What are the most common congenital deformities of the head and neck? |
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Definition
| maxillofacial clefts (cleft lip) |
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Term
| What is the most common STD? |
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Definition
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Term
HERPES SIMPLEX 1
1. definition
2. prevalence (%)
3. how is it spread
4. triggers that precipitate infection |
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Definition
1. cold sores, which are a group of clear vesicles with erythematous base --> pustules rupture, weep, crust, and heal (4-10days)
2. 50% of adults
3. direct contact
4. sunlight, fever, colds, allery |
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Term
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Definition
| upper and lower dental arches are not in alignment |
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Term
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Definition
| nontender, fibrous nodule of the gums, seen emerging between the teeth; inflammatory response to injury or hemorrhage |
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Term
GINGIVITIS
1. gum margin appearance
2. usual causes |
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Definition
1. red, swollen, and bleed easily
2. poor dental hygiene, vitamin C deficiency, hormonal changes (pregnancy, puberty) |
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Term
KOPLIK'S SPOTS
1. appearance and location
2. early sign of? |
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Definition
1. small, white-blue spots with red halo scattered over mucosa opposite the molars
2. measles |
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Term
CANDIDIASIS (MONILIAL INFECTION)
1. definition
2. appearance
3. term for newborns |
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Definition
1. opportunistic fungal infection that occurs after antibiotic use
2. white, cheesy, curdlike patch on the buccal mucosa and tongue --> scrapes off and leaves a red, raw surface that bleeds easily
3. "thrush" |
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Term
ATROPHIC GLOSSITIS (SMOOTH, GLOSSY TONGUE)
1. appearance
2. cause |
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Definition
1.surface slick and shiny
mucosa looks red(decreased papillae)
dryness of tongue and burning
"beefy tongue"
2.vitamin B-12 deficiency (pernicious anemia), folic acid deficiency, iron deficiency anemia |
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Term
BLACK HAIRY TONGUE
1. definition
2. color
3. cause |
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Definition
1. not hair, but elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungal infection on the tongue
2. varies from brown-black to yellow
3. occurs after antibiotic use |
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Term
ORAL KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
1. appearance
2. where is it located
3. associated with what disease |
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Definition
1. bruiselike, dark red or violet, confluent macule
2. usually on the hard palate, may be on the soft palate or anywhere else on the body
3. AIDS |
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