1. love of newness
2. desire to be near nature
3. freedom to move
4. individualism
5. societal acceptance
6. aggressive pursuit of goals
7. a firm sense of destiny

Brian Berry

Where do these religions (people) conglomerate?

1. Southern Baptists
2. Lutherans
3. Mormons
4. Roman Catholics
5. Jews

1. southeast
2. upper midwest and northern Great Plains
3. west of Rockies (mainly Utah)
4. Manufacturing belt metropolises, New England, Mexican Border
5. Southern California, South Florida, Midwest

1/3

will rise 50% by 2050

largest minority

15% of U.S. total population

where located?

blacks, asians, NA,

Blacks: South and central cities of Manufacturing Belt

Asians: most agglomerated of leading ethnic minorities; urban-base clusters along Pacific Coast (entry points)

Native Americans: West

>33 million (11.5% of national population)

highest total in U.S. history

Past: Manufacturing Belt states

Today: Less than 25% go to Manuf.Belt states; New York, Chicago, Sunbelt States (50% of immigrants)

• along coast
• rural in character
• difficult enviroments w/ limited land resources
• were historically bypassed (for more fertile inland areas)

Newfoundland and Labrador (the 10th and last province to enter the federation 60 years ago

oil deposits in ocean, but expensive to extract

"Boombelt"

from Atlanta NE to NC

1. availability of large amounts of electricity
   • to power airconditioners
2. enough water
   • supplies pools/irrigate crops
   • so people can live in the dry enviroment
3. the automobile
   • people can spread out at the preferred low-densities (especially the affluent)

Transports Colorado River water across hundreds of miles of desert

Allows cities like Pheonix and Tuscon to grow at the rate they do

Dallas-Ft. Worth, Houston, San Antonio

one of world's most productive post-industrial complexes

• business-information
• health-care services
• high-technology manufacturing

technopole 2nd to Silicon Valley

Technopole north of Dallas

largest concentration of tele-communications firm

Dallas-Ft. Worth

Leads TX command post for international trade and NAFTA-spawned development

southern Arizona

equaled only by Israel's Negev

1990s: expanded an acre into desert every hour

Today: grows 4% per year

1. postindustrial economy maturing
2. advances in communications/transportation technologies
   • gets rid of intrregional differences in business costs
3. locational desires due to ammenities

western frontier heartland: Nevada, Utah, western Colorado, Idaho

2.5 million migrants moved their in a decade (25% of western frontier's populations)

Las Vegas Valley

because of recreationg industry (40 million visitors annually) and high-tech  and profesional services firms

technopole: 40-mile corridor connecting Salt Lake City and Provo

contains one of world's largest concentrations of information technology companies

northeastern Alberta

contains more crude oil than all of Saudi Arabia

Robert Bone

N. Canada has native economy (as it was with the First Nations) -- trapping, wage emplyment, transfer payments provide cash; hunting provides food

"Our land"

first land to have good amount of native self-governmentcreated in 1999; given to the Inuit because Europeans took over land without making treaties

80% of 31,000 residents are Inuit

being near the midpoint on the PAcific Rim air route between the "Lower 48 states" and East Asia

[this and oil propelled a growth spurt of >100% since 1970

Alaska

One of hemisphere's leading energy sources since the 800-mile Trans-Alaska Pipeline began opperating in 1977

80% of population is French Canadian,

tried to break away in 1995

French-speakers

90% located in Quebec

ecumene

 – the area where people live permanently

four pop. clusters:

• Main Street
• St. John-Halifax crescent
• the prairies of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba
• the SW corner of British Columbia

home to 60% of Canadians

souther Quebec and Ontaria (Quebec City -Montreal - Toronto - Windsor)

Vancouver

Because of the Rev. War, english refugees entered CAnada --> conflicts between French and English

Britain established Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec)

1867; established Canadian federation (originally consisted of Upper/Lower Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia

Ontario and Quebec formed; Quebec kept French civil code and language was protected in Parliament and courts

transcontinental to Vancouver

1886, 15 years to complete

condition of British Columbia's entry into federation

Maurice Yeates

1. Frontier-Staples Era
2. Era of Industrial Capitalism
3. Era of Global Capitalism

Frontier-Staples Era (Can.)

• <1935
• frontier mercentile economy --> staples
• led by BOTH Montreal and Toronto

• 1935-1975
• acheived U.S.-style prosperity
• increase in teritary activites, urbanization, manufacturing
  • most took place after WWII (1950), because Great Depression lasted until then
• investment of U.S. corporations into Canadian branch-plant construction (esp. in auto. industry in Ontario) [???]
• W. Canada -- oil/natural gas production, new agricultural technologies (reduced farm labor needs = outmigration from rural areas)
• rise of Main Street(60& of people, 2/3 income, 75% manufacturing jobs, 2% land)

• 1975--
• more foreign investment from East Asia, Europe
• transformation to postindustrial economy
• most development = new suburbanization
• suburban downtowns

mega-mall, Alberta

World's biggest shopping center