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Normal Pregnancy
Terminology maternity nursing pccc 201
159
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
01/10/2010

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Term
Fertility Rate
Definition
Births per 1000 women from 15-44 years of age
Term
Infant Mortality Rate
Definition
Number of deaths of infants <1 per 1000 live births
Term
Neonatal Mortality Rate
Definition
Number of deaths of infants <28 days per 1000 live births
Term
Maternal Mortality Rate
Definition
Number of maternal deaths from births, complications of pregnancy, and puerperium (first 42 days after termination of pregnancy) per 100,000 live births
Term
Maternity Nursing
Definition
Focus on care of childbearing women and their family thru all stages of pregnancy and childbirth and first 4 weeks after birth
Term
Prematurity
Definition
Infant born prior to completion of 37 weeks of gestation
Term
Standard of care
Definition
A diagnostic and treatment process that a clinician should follow for a certain type of patient, illness, or clinical circumstance.
Term
Kegel Exercises
Definition
Pelvic muscle exercises to strengthen the pubococcygeal muscles
Term
Menopause
Definition
The actual permanent cessation of menstrual cycles-diagnosed after 1 year without menses
Term
Peri-Menopause
Definition
Period of transition of changing ovarian activity before menopause and thru first years of amenorrhea
Term
Menarche
Definition
Onset, or beginning, of menstrual function
Term
Menstruation
Definition
Periodic vaginal discharge of bloody fluid from the non-pregnant uterus that occurs from the age of menarche thru menopause
Term
Perineum
Definition
Area between the vagina and rectum in females and between the scrotum and rectum in males
Term
Puberty
Definition
Period in which reproductive organs mature and become functionally capable of reproduction
Term
Vulva
Definition
External female genetalia consisting of labia majora and minora, clitoris, urinary meatus and vaginal introitus
Term
Mons Pubis (veneris)
Definition
Pad of fatty tissue and coarse skin that overlies the symphesis pubis in a woman-covered with hair after puberty
Term
Prepuce
Definition
Fold of skin or foreskin covering the glans penis of the male
Term
Labia Minora
Definition
Two thin folds of delicate hairless skin inside labia majora
Term
Labia Majora
Definition
Two folds of skin containing fat and covered with hair that lie on either side of vaginal opening=form each side of vulva
Term
Hymen
Definition
Membranous fold that normally partially covers the entrance to the vagina
Term
Vaginal orifice
Definition
The opening to the muscular canal extending from the cervix to the outside of the body
Term
Fourchette
Definition
A thin flat tissue underneath the vaginal opening formed by the joining of the labia minora
Term
Clitoris
Definition
Female organ analogous to the penis- body of erectile tissue situated at the anterior junction of the vulva
Term
Bartholin's Glands
Definition
2 Small glands on either side of vaginal orifice that secrete mucous during coitus
Term
Skene's Glands
Definition
Located on either side of urethra and produce mucus to lubricate the vagina
Term
Areola
Definition
Pigmented ring of tissue surrounding the nipple
Term
Amenorrhea
Definition
Absence or supression of menstruation
Term
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)
Definition
Abnormal bleeding from the uterus for reasons that are not readily established
Term
Dysmenorrhea
Definition
Primary: Painful menstruation beginning 2-6mos after menarche related to ovulation
Secondary: Painful mestruation r/t organic disease ie endometriosis, PID, or uterine neoplasm
Term
Endometriosis
Definition
The presence of tissue that normally grows inside the uterus (womb) in an abnormal anatomical location
Term
Menorrhagia
Definition
Abnormally profuse or excessive menstral flow
Term
Metrorrhagia
Definition
Abnormal bleeding from the uterus at any time other than the menstrual period
Term
Oligomenorrhea
Definition
Abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
Term
Fibroid
Definition
Fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue tumor especially of the uterus
Term
Leiomyoma
Definition
Benign smooth muscle tumor
Term
Contraception
Definition
Prevention of implantation or conception
Term
Galactorrhea
Definition
Lactation not associated with childbirth or breastfeeding; symptom of pituitary tumor
Term
Prolapse
Definition
Protrusion of the offending part
Term
Amniotic Fluid
Definition
Fluid surrounding the fetus derived primarily from maternal serum and fetal urine
Term
Blastocyst
Definition
A thin-walled hollow structure in early embryonic development that contains a cluster of cells called the inner cell mass from which the embryo arises. The outer layer of cells gives rise to the placenta and other supporting tissues needed for fetal development within the uterus while the inner cell mass cells gives rise to the tissues of the body.
Term
Cephalocaudal Development
Definition
Development of the fetus from head to "tail"
Term
Chorionic Villi
Definition
Tiny vascular protrusions on the chorionic surface that project into the maternal blood sinuses of the uterus that help form the placenta and secrete human chorionic gonadatropin
Term
Conception
Definition
Union of sperm and ovum resulting in fertilization; formation of one-celled zygote
Term
Deciduas Basalis
Definition
Maternal aspect of placenta made up of uterine blood vessels, endometrial stoma, and glands. It is shed in lochial discharge after birth
Term
Ductus Arteriosis
Definition
A key arterial shunt (ductus) in fetal life. Before birth, blood pumped from the heart through the pulmonary artery toward the lungs is shunted into the aorta. This arterial shunt is a short vessel called the ductus arteriosus. When the shunt is open, it is said to be patent.
Term
Ductus Venosus
Definition
A Blood vessel carrying oxegenated blood between umbilical vein and inferior vena cava bypassing the liver
Term
Embryo
Definition
The organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation from fertilization to, in humans, the beginning of the third month of pregnancy. After that point in time, it is termed a fetus
Term
Fertilization
Definition
Fertilization is the process of combining the male gamete, or "sperm," with the female gamete, or "ovum." The product of this combination is a cell called a zygote
Term
Fetal Membranes
Definition
The amnion and chorion surrounding the fetus
Term
Fetus
Definition
Child in utero from 8th week until birth
Term
Foramen Ovale
Definition
Septal opening between the atria of fetal heart
Term
Gamete
Definition
Mature male or female germ cell: sperm or ovum
Term
Hematopoiesis
Definition
Production of blood cells
Term
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
Definition
Hormone produced by chorionic villi-biologic marker in pregnancy tests
Term
Implantation
Definition
Embedding of the fertilized ovum in the uterine mucosa
Term
Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio
Definition
Ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin in amniotic fluid used to assess maturity of fetal lungs
Term
Meconium
Definition
First stools of infant; viscid, sticky, dark greenish-brown almost black, sterile and odorless
Term
Morula
Definition
Stage of fertilized ovum in which there is a solid mass of cells resembling a mullberry
Term
Mutation
Definition
Change in gene or chromasome in gametes that may be transmitted to offspring
Term
Placenta
Definition
Specialized vascular disk-shaped organ for maternal-fetal gas and nutrient exchange
Term
Quickening
Definition
Maternal perception of fetal movement; usually occurs between 16-20 weeks of gestation
Term
Surfactants
Definition
Phosphoprotein necessary for normal respiratory function prevents alveolar collapse
Term
Teratogens
Definition
Non-genetic factors that cause malformations and disorders in utero
Term
Umbilical Cord
Definition
The cord that connects the developing embryo or fetus with the placenta and through which run the umbilical arteries and vein. The matrix (the substance) of the umbilical cord is known as Wharton's jelly and is a rich source of stem cells
Term
Viability
Definition
Capable of living outside the uterus-minimum 20 weeks of gestation
Term
Zygote
Definition
The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an ovum).
Term
Ballottement
Definition
Movability of a floating object; diagnostic technique using palpation-a floating object when tapped or pushed moves away and the returns
Term
Braxton Hicks
Definition
Mild, intermittant (painless-ha!) uterine contractions that occur during pregnancy and occur more frequently as it progresses
Term
Chadwick's Sign
Definition
Violet color of vaginal mucosa that is visible from about the fourth week caused by increased vascularity
Term
Chloasma
Definition
Increased pigmentation over bridge of nose and cheeks of pregnant women-known as mask of pregnancy
Term
Colostrum
Definition
A sticky white or yellow fluid secreted by the breasts during the second half of pregnancy and for a few days after birth before the breast milk comes in.
Term
Friability
Definition
Easily broken. May refer to fragile condition of cervix causing it to bleed easily when touched
Term
Goodell's Sign
Definition
Softening of the cervix, a probable sign of pregnancy seen in the second month
Term
Gravida
Definition
Pregnant woman
Term
Hegar's Sign
Definition
Softening of the lowe uterine segment seen in the second to third month of pregnancy-palpated during bimanual exam and classified as a probable sign of pregnancy
Term
Leukorrhea
Definition
White or yellowish discharge from the vaginal canal that may be normal or a sign of pathological state
Term
Lightening
Definition
Sensation of decreased abdominal distention produced by uterine decent as fetus settles into pelvic cavity-usually 2 weeks before delivery
Term
Linea Nigra
Definition
Dark pigmentation line from symphesis pubis to umbilicus during pregnancy
Term
Montgomery's Tubercles
Definition
Small nodular glands on the areolas that enlarge during pregnancy and lactation
Term
Multigravida
Definition
Woman who has been pregnant 2 or more times
Term
Multipara
Definition
Woman who has carried 2 or more pregnancies to viability-whether or not they ended in live or stillbirths
Term
Nulligravida
Definition
Woman who has never been pregnant
Term
Nullipara
Definition
Woman who has not yet carried a pregnancy to term
Term
Parity
Definition
Number of past pregnancies carried to viability
Term
Postdate/postterm
Definition
Pregnancy prolonged past 42 weeks of gestation
Term
Preterm
Definition
Birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation
Term
Primigravida
Definition
Woman who is pregnant for the first time
Term
Primipara
Definition
Woman who has carried one pregnancy to viability-stillborn or live birth
Term
Pytalism
Definition
Excessive spitting with N/V during pregnancy
Term
Pytosis
Definition
Sagging
Term
Stria Gravidarum
Definition
Stretch marks-shining reddish marks caused by stretching of the skin often found on the abdomen, thighs and breasts during pregnancy
Term
Term
Definition
The normal gestation period
Term
Pica
Definition
an appetite for non-nutritive substances (e.g., coal, soil, chalk, paper etc.) or an abnormal appetite for some things that may be considered foods, such as food ingredients (e.g., flour, raw potato, starch).
Term
Effleurage
Definition
A massage stroke used to warm up the muscle before deep tissue work using petrissage.
Term
Emotional Lability
Definition
Refers to the pathological expression of laughter, crying, or smiling.
Term
Fundus
Definition
Dome shaped upper portion of the uterus between the points of insertion of falopian tubes
Term
Nagele's Rule
Definition
Method for calculating the estimated date of birth or due date
Term
Prenatal
Definition
Occurring or happening before birth
Term
Sonogram/ultrasound
Definition
Use of high frequency sound waves for a variety of obstatric diagnosis and fetal surveillance
Term
Supine Hypotension
Definition
Shock; fall in blood pressure by impaired venous return due to gravid uterus pressing on ascending vena cava
Term
Trimester
Definition
One of three periods (approx. 3 mos.) into which a pregnancy is divided
Term
Epidural Block
Definition
Type of regional anesthesia produced by injection of local anesthesia into the epidural space
Term
Paracervical Block
Definition
Type of regional anesthetic produced by injection of local anesthetic into the lower uterine segment just beneath the mucosa adjacent to the outer rim of the cervix (9&3)
Term
Pudendal Block
Definition
Injection of local anesthetic into the pudendal nerve root to produce numbness of the genital and perianal areas
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
Baseline fetal heartrate below 110 beats per minute
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
Baseline fetal heartrate above 160 beats per minute
Term
Deceleration
Definition
Slowing of fetal heartrate attributed to parasympathetic response and described in relation to uterine contractions
Term
Hypoxemia
Definition
Reduction in arterial PO2 resulting in metabolic acidosis by forcing anaerobic glycolosis, pulmonary vasoconstriction and direct cellular damage
Term
Hypoxia
Definition
Insufficient availability of oxygen to meet the needs of body tissue
Term
Tocolysis
Definition
Medications used to relax the uterus, to suppress preterm labor, or for version
Term
Tocotransducer
Definition
Electronic device used to measure uterine activity transabdominally
Term
Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Definition
Decline in placental function leading to fetal hypoxia and acidosis; evidenced by late fetal heart rate deceleration in response to uterine contractions
Term
Amniotomy
Definition
Artificial rupture of the fetal membranes using a plastic Amnihook or surgical clamp
Term
Bloody Show
Definition
Vaginal discharge that originates in the cervix and consists of blood and mucous; increases as cervix dialates during labor
Term
Crowning
Definition
Stage of birth when the top of the fetal head is visible at the vaginal orifice and the widest part of the head distends the vulva
Term
Episiotomy
Definition
Surgical incision of the perineum at the end of the second stage of labor to facilitate birth and avoid lacerations of the perenium
Term
Leopold's Maneuvers
Definition
Four maneuvers for diagnosing the fetal position by external palpation of the mother's abdomen
Term
Lithotomy Position
Definition
Position in which the woman lies on her back with knees flexed, thighs abducted and externally rotated
Term
Nuchal Cord
Definition
Encircling of fetal neck by one or more loops of umbilical cord
Term
Transition
Definition
Phase in first stage of labor from a cervical dialation of 8cm-10cm
Term
Contraction
Definition
Involuntary, rhythmic tightenings of uterine muscle that act to expel the fetus and placenta from uterus
Term
Diaphoresis
Definition
Sweating
Term
Engorgement
Definition
Distention or vascular congestion-the process of swelling in breast tissue brought about by an increase in blood and lymph supply to the breast preceeding true lactation
Term
Hemmorrhoids
Definition
A dilated (enlarged) vein in the walls of the anus and sometimes around the rectum, usually caused by untreated constipation but occasionally associated with pregnancy and childbirth
Term
Involution
Definition
Reduction in size of uterus after birth and return to its normal pre-pregnancy condition
Term
Lochia Alba
Definition
Thin yellowish-white vaginal discharge that follows lochia serosa about 10th day after birth and may last 2-6 weeks
Term
Lochia Rubra
Definition
Red, distinctly blood tinged vaginal flow follows birth and lasts 2-4 days
Term
Lochia Serosa
Definition
Serous, pinkish-brown, watery vaginal discharge that follows lochia rubra until about 10 days post partum
Term
Subinvolution
Definition
Failure of the uterus to reduce to its normal size and condition after pregnancy
Term
Thromboembolism
Definition
Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot that has become detached from area of formation
Term
Uterine Atony
Definition
Relaxation of uterus leading to postpartum hemorrhage
Term
Attachment
Definition
A specific and enduring tie to another person
Term
Bonding
Definition
The forming of a mutual emotional attachment between parent and child
Term
Acrocyanosis
Definition
Peripheral cyanosis (hands and feet) of most infants after birth that may persist for 7-10 days
Term
Brown Fat
Definition
Source of heat unique to neonates that is capable of greater thermogenic energy than ordinary fat; found around adrenals, kidneys, neck, scapulas and behind the sternum for several weeks after birth
Term
Caput Succedaneum
Definition
Swelling of the tissue over the presenting part of the fetal head caused by pressure during birth
Term
Cephalhematoma
Definition
Extravasation of blood from ruptured vessels between the skull bone and its external covering, the periosteum
Term
Cold Stress
Definition
Excessive loss of heat that results in increased respirations and nonshivering thermogenesis to maintain core body temperature
Term
Hyperbilirubinemia
Definition
Elevation of unconjugated serum bilirubin concentration
Term
Mongolian Spot
Definition
Bluish gray or dark non-elevated pigmented area usually found over the lower back and buttocks present at birth in some infants-usually non-whites. Spot usually fades by schoolage
Term
Physiologic Jaundice
Definition
Yellow tinge to skin and mucous membranes in response to increased serum levels of bilirubin- not usually apparent until 24hrs after birth
Term
Thermoregulation
Definition
Control of temperature
Term
Attitude
Definition
Body posture or position;relation of fetal parts to each other in utero
Term
Lie
Definition
Relationship between long axis of the fetus and long axis of the mother
Term
Flexion
Definition
Resistance to the decent of the baby down the birth canal causing the head to bend, flex so the chin approaches the chest
Term
Presentation
Definition
The part of the fetus that first enters the pelvis and lies over the inlet; may be head, face, breech or shoulder
Term
Presenting Part
Definition
The fetal part that lies closest to the internal os of the cervix
Term
Biparietal Diameter
Definition
Largest transverse diameter of the fetal head; extends from one parietal bone to the other
Term
Apgar
Definition
Numeric expression of the condition of a newborn obtained by rapid assessment at 1 and 5 minutes of age
Term
Breech
Definition
Presentation in which buttocks or feet are nearest the cervical opening and are born first (3% of births)
Term
Frank Breech
Definition
Presentation of buttocks and hips so that thighs are against abdomen
Term
Complete Breech
Definition
Simultaneous presentation of buttocks, legs and feet
Term
Footling Breech
Definition
Presentation of one or both feet
Term
Molding
Definition
Overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head to accommodate and conform to the bony and soft parts of the mother's birth canal
Term
Station
Definition
Relationship of the presenting fetal part to an imaginary line drawn between the ischial spines of the pelvis
Term
Vertex
Definition
Crown or top of head
Term
Cephalic
Definition
Pertaining to the head
Term
Effacement
Definition
Thinning and shortening or obliteration of the cervix that occurs during late pregnancy, labor and birth
Term
Engagement
Definition
The entrance of the presenting fetal part into the superior pelvic strait in the beginning of the descent through the pelvic canal
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