Term
| Name 3 requirements for gait |
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Definition
Progression
Postural Control
Adaptability |
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Term
| The ability to generate a basic locomotion pattern to move the body in the desired direction. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to initiate and terminate locomotion |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to support and control the body against gravity |
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Definition
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Term
| Counteract force of gravity and other expected and unexpected forces. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to adapt gait to meet individual's goals and the demands of the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability to avoid obstacles, negative uneven terrains, changes in speed and direction |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of gait is the stance phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What of gait is the swing phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Uses horizontal forces to move the body. Vertical forces to support the body against gravity and strategies flexible to accommodate changes in speed, direction, and surrort surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| To advance the swinging limb, reposition the swing limb for weight acceptance, and avoid obstacles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular Motion. Tend to be very similar across subjects. |
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Definition
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Term
| What position is the hip, knee, and ankle during midswing? |
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Definition
hip and knee are flexed
ankle is dorsiflexed |
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Term
| What is the position of the hip, knee, and ankle during terminal stance? |
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Definition
hip and knee are extended
ankle is plantarflexed |
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Term
| What movement provides foot clearance during initial swing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ground reaction forces. More variable across subjects. |
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Definition
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Term
| During initial contact, where is the force vector aligned in relationship to the knee? |
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Definition
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Term
| During late mid stance, where is the force vector aligned in relationship to the knee? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the swing phase of gait where is the force vector in relation to the knee? |
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Definition
| No where, you must be weight bearing |
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Term
| During initial contact what muscles are active to control the knee and ankle? |
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Definition
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Term
| During late mid stance are the quad muscles active? |
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Definition
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Term
| During late mid stance are the gluts active? |
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Definition
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Term
| During intial swing what muscles are active at the hip knee and ankle? |
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Definition
hip - ilopsoas, rectus femoris
knee - nothing
ankle - tib ant |
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Term
| The average horizontal speed of body measured over one or more strides |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the normal velocities for men and women |
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Definition
nl. 1.46 m/s
1.33-1.52 men
1.22 - 1.35 women |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the normal cadence for men and women? |
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Definition
110 steps/min (men)
115 steps/min (women) |
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Term
| The distance from one IC to IC of the other limb |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mean step length? |
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Definition
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Term
| This measurement of gait will show asymmetries in steps |
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Definition
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Term
| Distance covered in two steps |
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Definition
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Term
| This measurement of gait will not show asymmetries is steps |
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Definition
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Term
| __ in the spinal cord produce the basic rhythmic movements for gai |
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Definition
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Term
| __ __ and __ __ allow pattern variations and adaptability to task and environment |
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Definition
Descending pathways
Sensory Feedback |
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Term
| Strategies used for unexpected disturbances (slip, trip) |
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Definition
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Term
| Responses distal to proximal in leg muscles. Initial flexor synergy, second surfing strategy |
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Definition
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Term
| Strategy used depends on which part of swing trip occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
Early swing = elevating strategy
Late swing = lowering strategy |
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Definition
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Term
| Anticipate potential disruptions to gait, and modify movement to minimize disruption |
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Definition
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Term
| Joint receptors and muscle spindle info from hip flexors trigger what? |
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Definition
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Term
| GTO input from leg extensors influence what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Walking on an incline increases feedback from __ and consequently increases the activity of the extensor muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| Cutaneous info is used for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Proprioception is used for __ modulation when running on different surfaces |
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Definition
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Term
| Influence speed of gait, and alignment of body with respect to gravity and environment |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 ways in which the visual system helps with obstacle avoidance. |
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Definition
1. Change foot placement
2. Increase ground clearance
3. Change direction if object cannot be cleared
4. Stop if needed |
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Term
| This system is important for stabilizing the head during movement |
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Definition
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Term
| Performance of multiple tasks during simple unperturbed gait __ significantly threaten stability in healthy young adults. |
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Definition
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Term
| Did increase errors during obstacle crossing |
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Definition
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Term
| Speed for walk-run transition __ with dual cognitive task (distracted from physiological cues to run) |
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Definition
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Term
| __ shifts posterior and towards swing limb, then anterior and toward stance limb |
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Definition
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Term
| There are 2 different strategies used depending on which foot is forward relative to direction of turn |
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Definition
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Term
| Which turn strategy is more efficient and used more often? |
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Definition
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Term
| This transition tends to occur at narrow range of speeds across humans (1.88-2.07 m/sec) though walking and running are possible at speeds higher/lower |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing gait at what speed will minimize metabolic cost? |
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Definition
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Term
| Critical components may be peak ankle angular velocity and acceleration. High levels of activity in both DFs and PFs just before transition to transition to run decreases muscular stress at ankle, shifts work where? |
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Definition
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Term
| When climbing stairs, what are the percentages of swing and stance phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ascent of stairs uses __ force production whereas descent uses __ force production |
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Definition
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Term
-Wt acceptance with middle/front of foot
-Pull up using concentric force at knee and ankle extensor contractions
-Forward continuance using ankle muscles
-Instability is greatest at contra toe-off |
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Definition
| Ascent of Stairs in Stance Phase |
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Term
-Foot clearance tib ant and hams
-Foot placement of hip flexors, then hip extensors and DFs |
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Definition
| Ascent of Stairs Swing Phase |
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Term
-Weight acceptance: energy absorved thru gastrocs, rectus femoris, and vastus lateralis
-forward continuance
-controlled lowering using eccentric quads |
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Definition
| Descent of Stairs Stance Phase |
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Term
-Leg pull-through: hip flexors, then hip and knee extension
-Preparation for foot placement; with lateral border foot, tib ant and gastroc active before contact |
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Definition
| Descent of Stairs Swing Phase |
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Term
| Name the sit-to-stand essential characteritics. |
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Definition
1. Progression - sufficient joint torque to rise
2. Stability/Postural Control - COM from chair to feet
3. Adaptability - modify strategy for seat heights, speed of rise, armrests/non, softness, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Flexion momentum
- Generate forward momentum (adults use upper body)
-Stability OK (b/c butt is still in chair) |
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Term
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Definition
Momentum Transfer, Lift off / Seat off
-Butt off seat
-Critical transition phase
- Instability: COM in front of BOS
- Begin vertical lift
- Coactivation of hip and knee extensors |
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Term
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Definition
Lift or extension phase
- Body moves vertically (hip and knee extension)
-Stability better than in phase 2
(COM now within BOS) |
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Term
| In STS, the propulsive horizontal impulse must change to __ impulse |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 alternative strategies for STS |
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Definition
1. Zero Momentum
2. Armrests |
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