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Normal Language Development
Exam II
55
Communication
Undergraduate 3
03/10/2011

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Reference
Definition
the ability to differentiate one entity from many others and to note its presence.
Term
Joint Reference
Definition
two or more person can share a common focus on one thing. (absolutely essential to be able to communicate with others..usually trained through a notice function)
Term
Joint Actions
Definition
(routines) change, feed, clothe, bathe
Term
3 Ways Bruner & Ratner that play is relevant to language
Definition
1. Structured
2. Task Structure
3. Language
Term
Brumer 3 components of early referencing
Definition
Indicating - pointing/directing attention to something
Deixis- use of special, temporal, interpersonal terms that must be interpreted from the speaker's point of view.
Naming- children are able to know what things are before can say them
Term
Proto-words
Definition
may not have any meaning, but child believes they do
Term
Phonology
Definition
rule system that governs sounds and how we put them together
Term
Phoneme
Definition
idealized mental target that represents the smallest unit of speech
Term
Phone
Definition
what proceeds from your mouth
Term
Allophones
Definition
perceptual groupings of phones
Term
Phonotactics
Definition
study of speech sound sequences in the language
Term
Consonants
Definition
distinct by where the turbulence occurs
place of artic.
manner
voicing
Term
Vowels
Definition
all vowels are voiced
Term
Resonance
Definition
the vibratory response of a cavity based on the frequencies imposed upon it
Term
Who thought phonological acquisition was an innate skill? (2 people)
Definition
Chomsky
Jacobson
Term
Who thought phonological acquisition was a learned skill?
Definition
Olmsted- sounds that are learned first are the ones that occur most often
Term
Most frequently occurring phonemes?
Definition
tdnlrs
Term
Regression
Definition
every normal language child backtracks with something they once were able to say. Maybe because they need to simplify because there's too much going on.
Term
Semantic/Cognitive theory
Definition
children are actively reason out the patterns of speech sounds so they can sound like others.
Term
What 3 things go with semantic/cognitive theory?
Definition
1. child phonology rules:explicit statements of regular patterns of correspondence between adult words and child words.
2. natural processes: rules that children make that are governed by physiological rational.
3. canonical forms: specific rules that describe speech sound patterns in the child's repertoire.
Term
Malsheen did what?
Definition
voice activated microphones with the Sony walkman on mothers who were in the one word stage of development
Term
Berstein did what?
Definition
replicated the study of the walkman except the mothers had more than one child at various stages of language development.
Term
Do children mature faster today than they did in the 30's?
Definition
OF COURSE!!
Term
Semantics
Definition
word meaning
Term
Semantics is the relationship between the?
Definition
word and the referent
Term
Cognitive theory
Definition
meaning is acquired in a context bound manner
Term
Associationist model
Definition
kids have concepts- all you have to do is pair a word with a concept repetitively and soon you'll get meaning with the word. (has some validity for the first couple dozen but after that, not so much)
Term
Categorical/semantic feature theory
Definition
people have a file storage for memory.
Term
McNeil said what about semantic development?
Definition
semantic development is like having a dictionary in a child's head
Term
Typical dictionary entry will have three basic components..
Definition
1. syntactic features: parts of speech
2. semantic features: describe an idea
3. set of selection restrictions: to keep the word in the appropriate semantic environment
Term
Vocabulary continues to develop one of two ways
Definition
Horizontal: additional/new features of the word are added overtime
Vertical: when you learn a word in a short amount of time, you learn everything that goes along with that word
Term
Syntagmatic Associations
Definition
word associations where stimulus and response come from different grammatical categories.
Term
Paradigmatic
Definition
stimulus and response come from the same grammatical categories
Term
Comprehension
Definition
leads production (understand it before we use it)
Term
Semantic network/field
Definition
increase in the number of concepts and words that the child knows and uses and the link within and between the words in his vocabulary.
Term
Syntax
Definition
rule system as to how words are governed into sentences and phrases
Term
Roger Brown (1973) proposed what method for measuring syntactic development based on the average length of a child's utterance?
Definition
MLU "mean length of utterance"
Term
Open class
Definition
large word classes where new words are added frequently and old words sometimes are eliminated
Term
Closed class
Definition
words like prepositions, pronouns, articles
Term
Inflection
Definition
tone
Term
Context
Definition
background
Term
open syllables
Definition
syllables that typically end in a consonant will have the consonant omitted
Term
cluster reduction
Definition
reduces the complexity of the word so they can get the word right
Term
Simple Active Affirmative Declarative SAAD
Definition
most common sentence structure up into elementary grades
Term
Resonation
Definition
vibratory response of a cavity based on the frequencies being passed through it
Term
Glottal buzz
Definition
air generated in the lungs, flows through the vocal folds vibrate
Term
Fundamental Frequency
Definition
physical # of times vocal folds will vibrate in a second
Term
Complex tone
Definition
multiple frequencies and waveforms
Term
Pure tone
Definition
only one frequency
Term
Harmonic
Definition
multiples of the original (fo) whole numbers
Term
Pure tone
Definition
only one frequency
Term
Harmonic
Definition
multiples of the original (fo) whole numbers
Term
Octave
Definition
doubeling of the original note
Term
3 basic cavities associated with vowel production
Definition
1. oral
2. couplar
3. pharyngeal
Term
Formant
Definition
bands of energy due to the resonating characteristics of the vocal tract
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