Term
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Definition
| a natural physiologic WORK PROCESS in which there is a timely consistent progression of DILATATION of the cervix and DESCENT of the presenting part, propelled by UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and eventually maternal effort that expel the FETUS and PLACENTA |
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Term
| Premonitory Signs of Labor |
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Definition
| lightening, bloody show, increased vaginal secretions, ROM, softening of the cervix, loss of mucous plug, loss of weight, uncomfortable "braxton hicks" contrations, burst of energy |
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Term
| Myometrial activity: physiology of labor |
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Definition
| uterus divides into 2 portions. upper portion muscles shorten and the segment becomes thicker. lower portion is passive and it expands and thins out. the uterus elongates to push/straighten the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| UC are irregular, no effect or lessen with activity, does NOT achieve cervical change |
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Term
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Definition
| UC become regular and predictable, UC continue regardless of activity level, increase in frequency, duration, and intensity, produces progressive cervical change |
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Term
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Definition
| thinning and shortening of the cervix; measured in % |
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Term
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Definition
| opening of the cervix; measured in cm |
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Term
| cardinal movements of the fetus |
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Definition
| descent, flexion, internal rotation, extension, restitution, external rotation, expulsion |
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Term
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Definition
| onset of labor to full 10cm. phases: early, active, transition |
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Term
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Definition
| 10 cm until birth of baby |
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Term
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Definition
| birth of baby to birth of placenta |
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Term
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Definition
| birth of placenta until initial recovery: first 2-4 hours |
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Term
| The 5 P's affecting labor |
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Definition
| psyche, passage, passengers, position, powers |
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Term
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Definition
| pelvic shape and size determine this |
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Term
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Definition
| the presentation, position, lie, and attitude of this |
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Term
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Definition
| the mother's___ can impact labor progress |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fear, anxiety, past experiences |
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Term
| Gate-control theory of pain |
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Definition
| a mechanism in the dorsal horn of the spinal column serves as a valve or gate. small fibers carry pain impulses and large fibers carry tactile stimulation. the gate is open or closed by domination of large or small fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| mean FHR during 10 minute period |
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Term
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Definition
| indicator of fetal cardiac and neurologic function and well being |
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Term
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Definition
| occur in direct correlation with contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit transmission of pain impulses in the brain. decrease pain perception |
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Term
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Definition
| block nerves that transmit impulses to the brain. produce loss of sensation |
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Term
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Definition
| presentation of the fetus is changed from breech to cephalic by external manipulation of the maternal abdomen |
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Term
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Definition
| used during delivery of the second twin during vaginal birth; obstetrician places hand inside the uterus, grabs the feet, and draws them through the cervix or if possible turns the fetus to a vertex position |
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Term
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Definition
| artificial rupture of amniotic membranes: most common operative procedure in obstetrics |
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Term
| Disadvantages of an amniotomy |
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Definition
| once done, the birth must occur due to risk of infection, danger of prolapsed cord, increase of molding and compression of fetal head |
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Term
| Indications for amniotomy |
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Definition
| done any time during the 1st stage of labor to accelerate labor, induces labor, allows access to fetus to apply internal heart monitor electrode |
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Term
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Definition
| a pharmacologic agent may be used to soften and efface the cervix of a pregnant women at or near term when there is a medial or obstetric indication for induction of labor: prepidil gel and cervidil |
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Term
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Definition
| stimulation of UC's before the spontaneous onset of labor, with or without ROM for the purpose of accomplishing birth |
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Term
| Discontinue Oxytocin if... |
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Definition
| fetal distress, UC are more frequent than 2/min, durations of UC exceeds 60 sec, insufficient relaxation of uterus between UC's |
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Term
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Definition
| technique in which volume of warmed, sterile, normal saline or LR is introduced into the uterus through the use of an intrauterine pressure catheter |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical incision of the perineal body: second most common procedure in OB |
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Term
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Definition
| birth of the infant through an abdominal and uterine incision |
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Term
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Definition
| long, difficult or abnormal labor |
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Term
| hypertonic uterine dysfunction |
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Definition
| an increase in the frequency of contractions, but a decrease in the intensity. the resting tone is also increased. little IU pressure is builtu up during the contractions so there is not enough force exerted on the cervix for dilatation to occur |
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Term
| hypotonic uterine dysfunction |
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Definition
| decrease in # of UC to less than 2 in 10 minutes, intensity and resting tone are low. these UC's are ineffective due to not enough IU pressure/ force for cervical dilatation and fetal descent |
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Term
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Definition
| true labor after 20 weeks gestation and before the end of the 37th week |
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Term
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Definition
| labor lasting less than 3 hrs |
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Term
| post-term pregnancy (post dates) |
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Definition
| pregnancy extends more than 294 days or 42 completed weeks past the first day of the last menstrual cycle. |
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Term
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Definition
| when the presenting part entering the pelvic inlet is other than the completely flexed head of the fetus |
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Term
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Definition
| most common are occiput posterior. 90-95% rotate to the OA position; 5% remain persistent occiput posterior |
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Term
| Cephalopelvic disproportion |
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Definition
| disparity between the size of the maternal pelvis and the size of the presenting fetal head due to position, presentation, or increased fetal weight |
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Term
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Definition
| fetal weight of more than 4000grams (8lbs 14oz) |
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Term
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Definition
| when the anterior shoulder of the fetus become impacted behind the symphysis pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive amount of amniotic fluid (>2000cc/ml) associated with diabetes, multiple gestation, anencephaly, esophageal atresia |
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Term
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Definition
| lower than normal volume of amniotic fluid associated with postmaturity, congenital obstruction of GU system, slow leak, pulmonary hypoplasia, umbilical cord compression |
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Term
| meconium stained amniotic fluid |
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Definition
| first stool of infant is passed inutero |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship of the presenting part of the ischial spines to the mother's pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
| the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction |
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Term
| sequence of positional changes |
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Definition
| descent and flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship of the fetal parts to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship of the cephalocaudal axis of the fetus to the cephalocaudal axis of the woman |
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Term
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Definition
| body part of the fetus that enters the mother's pelvis first |
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