Term
| Structure of antibody molecule |
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Definition
*Four polypeptide chains Y shape
*2 identical heavy chains
*2 identical light chains
*Chains linked by disulfide bonds
*Constant regions (same amongst same)
*Variable regions (diff among diff antib same class) |
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Term
| Components of lymphatic system |
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Definition
*thymus
*bone marrow
*lymph nodes
*spleen
*lymphoid tissues (GALT, MALT & SALT) |
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Term
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Definition
*Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
*Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
*Skin-associated lymphoid tissue |
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of inflammation |
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Definition
*Redness
*Pain
*Heat
*Swelling |
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Term
| Functions of healthy immune system |
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Definition
*Surveillance of body
*Recognition of foreign material
*Distinguishing self from non-self
*Destruction of entities deemed to be foreign |
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Term
| Systems involved in immune defense |
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Definition
*Reticuloendothelial system (RES)
*Blood stream
*Lymphatic system |
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Term
| RES (reticuloendothial system) |
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Definition
*Network of connective tissue fibers and phagocytic cells (macrophages) that permeates the tissues of all organs
*Provides a passageway within and between tissues and organs |
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Term
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Definition
*Filter out materials that enter lymph
*Provide appropriate cells & niches of immune reactions between antigens and immune system |
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Term
| Functions of lymph SYSTEM |
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Definition
*Return of extracellular fluids to blood system
*Drain-off system for inflammatory response
*Surveillance, recognition & protection against foreign material |
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Term
| Results of antibody-antigen binding |
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Definition
*Agglutination
*Opsonization
*Neutralization
*ADCC (Ab-dependent cell cytotoxicity)
*Activation of complement |
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Term
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Definition
*Bone marrow
*activated B cell actively produces & secretes antibodies |
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Term
| Classical pathway of complement activation |
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Definition
ANTIBODY DEPENDENT
*antigen-antibody complex binds to & activates C1
*Ends in cytolysis, inflammation & phagocytosis |
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Term
| Alternative pathway of Complement activation |
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Definition
*C3 combines with complement (activated by) proteins B, D, P & microbe on surface of pathogen
ANTIBODY INDEPENDENT
*C3 gets split to C3a & C3b
*Ends in cytolysis, inflammation & phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
ANTIBODY INDEPENDENT
MBL (mannol-binding lectin) (liver) attaches to mannose in bacterial cell walls & some viruses
*Activates C2 and C4 |
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Term
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Definition
*Phagocytosis
*Inflammation
*Fever
*Antimicrobial substances (complement and interferon) |
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Term
| Sequence for phagocytosis |
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Definition
*Chemotaxis-Chemical attraction of phagocytes to microorganisms
*Adherence-Attachment of the phagocyte’s plasma membrane to surface of microbe
*Ingestion-Surrounding of the microbe by the phagocyte pseudopods
*Digestion-Within the cytoplasm, phagosome fuses with lysosomes to form one larger structure called “phagolysosome” |
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Term
| Macrophages per organ by name (fixed) |
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Definition
*Liver-Kupffer's cells
*Lung-Alveolar macrophage
*Nervous system-Microglial cells
*Skin-Langerhan's cells |
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Term
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Definition
*Dendritic cells
*Macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
*Dendritic cells
*Macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
*Plasma
*Buffy coat
*Erythrocytes |
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Term
Cells of blood/function
GRANULOCYTES:
Leukocytes:
*Basophils/Production of histamine-allergy response
*Eosinophils/Toxic proteins against parasites, some phagocytosis-hypersensitive allergies
*Neutrophils (PMNs)/Phagocytosis-lobed-motile-first to migrate to infected area |
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Definition
AGRANULOCYTES
*Monocytes/Phagocytosis (when matured into Macrophages)
*Lymphocytes/Antibody production, cell mediated immunity - T & B cells |
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Term
| End product of complementation |
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Definition
Inflammation, opsonization,and cytolysis
OR
formation of MAC (membrane attack complex) |
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Term
| Outcomes of complement activation |
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Definition
*Phagocytosis
*Inflammation
*Cytolysis |
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Term
| Blood cell function primarily as phagocytes |
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Definition
under Granulocytes
*Neutrophils |
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Term
| Subset of white blood cells that account for acquired, specific immunity |
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Definition
under Agranulocyte
*Lymphocytes |
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Term
| Ciliary escalator is found in |
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Definition
| Respiratory tract/Mucous membranes |
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Term
| Macrophages are derived from what cells |
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Definition
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Term
| This cell number increases significantly during parasitic worm infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of inflammation |
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Definition
*Destroy injurious agent or its product
*If destruction not possible limit effects by walling off injurious agent
*Repair affected tissue after end of inflammation |
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Term
| Pathways of activation of complement |
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Definition
*Classical-initiated by Ab-Ag complex
*Alternative-activated by proteins B,D,P & microbe
*Lectin-MBL attaches to MANNOSE in bact cell wall & some viruses & activates C2 & C4 |
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Term
| What cell produces the antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| Components of 1st, 2nd & 3rd line of defense |
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Definition
1st *Nonspecific Resistance
INNATE
Barrier
2nd *Nonspecific Resistance
Works with antigen
3rd *Specific Resistance
ACQUIRED
Immune Response
Requires time |
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Term
| Components of 1st line of defense (Barrier) |
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Definition
°Intact skin (physical)
*skin, sebum
°Mucous membranes (physical)
*tears, saliva, urine, lactic acid
°Normal microbiota (chemical)
*lysosomes, gastric juice -Hcl acid |
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Term
| Components of 2nd line of defense |
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Definition
°Phagocytic WBCs
=neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells
1.Chemotaxis
2.Adherence
3.Ingestion -forms phagosome
4.Digestion -phago fuses/lysosome=phagolysosome
°Inflammation
*acute=removal of assaulting agent
*chronic=assaulting agent cant be removed
°Fever
°Antimicrobial substances (complement activation) |
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