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nonopioid and opioid analgesics
chapter 25
29
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 4
10/01/2009

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Term
what are some of the nonopiod NSAIDs?
Definition
salicylates, COX-2 inhibitors, para-aminophenol and propionic acid group
Term
what is an example of a salicylate?
Definition
aspirin
Term
what is an example of COX-2 inhibitors?
Definition
celecoxib (celebrex)
Term
what is an example of an para-aminophenol?
Definition
acetaminophen (tylenol)
Term
what are some drugs in the propionic acid group?
Definition
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
Naproxen (Naprosyn)
Ketorolac (Toradol)
Term
what is the action of actaminophen?
Definition
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Term
what are the uses for acetaminophen?
Definition
relieves pain, discomfort and fever
Term
what is the maximum does of acetaminophen?
Definition
4 g/day
Term
what are the side effects of acetaminophen?
Definition
ras,, low incidence of GI distress
Term
what are the toxic effects/ overdose of acetaminophen?
Definition
hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia
Term
what are examples of opiods?
Definition
morphine and codeine
Term
what are the sythetic opioids?
Definition
meperidine (demerol) and hydromorphone (dilaudid)
Term
what synthetic opiod is perferred in pregnant woman?
Definition
demerol
Term
what are the uses of synthetic opioids?
Definition
Pain relief
Antitussive (except meperidine)
Term
what are some side effects/adverse reactions?
Definition
Hypotension, sedation, confusion, blurred vision, constipation, urinary retention
Respiratory depression
Tolerance and dependence, withdrawal symptoms
Term
what are some contraindications of opiate analgesics?
Definition
Head injuries, increased intracranial pressure
Respiratory disorders
Shock or hypotension
Term
what is an example of a mixed opiate agonist-antagonist?
Definition
Nalbuphine HCl (Nubain)—most commonly used
Term
what is the action with nalbuphine HCl (nubain)?
Definition
Binds with opiate receptor and increases pain threshold
Term
whate are the advantages with nubain?
Definition
decreases risk of narcotic abuse and safe during labor
Term
what are some side effects/adverse reactions of opioid agonist-antagonists?
Definition
Confusion, restlessness, abdominal cramps,
    urinary urgency, depression
Respiratory depression
Term
what are contraindications of opioid agonist-antagonists?
Definition
Renal or hepatic dysfunction
Head injuries, increased intracranial pressure
Impaired respirations
History of drug abuse or emotional instability
Term
what are opioid antagonists used for?
Definition
Antidote for opiate overdoses
Reverse effects of opiates, including respiratory depression, sedation, hypotension
Respiratory distress, respiratory depression
Term
what is the most commonly used opioid antagonists?
Definition
naloxone (narcan)
Term
what are some of the side effects of narcan?
Definition
Tremors, sweating, hypertension, tachycardia, excitement
Nausea, vomiting, reversal of analgesia,
    dysrhythmias
Elevated PTT
Term
what are nursing interventions with opioids?
Definition
Monitor vital signs and bleeding continuously
Opioid-Addicted People
Methadone treatment program
Weaning program
Maintenance program
Levomethadyl acetate (Orlaam)
Term
is opioid withdrawl life threatening?
Definition
no but it feels like it is
Term
why don't you use opioids with client's who have head injuries?
Definition
because it is a respiratory dispressant increaseing your CO2 and vasodilation increasing cranial pressure.  you want to ventilate patient and be careful with IV fluids. 
Term
why do espanol cops carry narcan?
Definition
because of heroin problems.
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