Term
| Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Yersinia - classification & traits |
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Definition
| Enterobacteriaceae family, non-enteric location. Gram- Rod, Facultative Anaerobe (generally aerobic, also ferments glucose) |
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Term
| Non-enteric diseases caused by Escherichia |
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Definition
| UTI (UPEC), neonatal meningitis (K1), (septicemia) |
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Term
| Non-enteric diseases caused by Proteus |
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Definition
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Term
| Non-enteric diseases caused by Klebsiella |
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Definition
| Pneumonia, septicemia, opportunistic infections (K. pneumoniae) |
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Term
| Non-enteric diseases caused by Yersinia |
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Definition
| Plague (Y. pestis), pseudoappendicitis, non-fatal GI disease (Y. pseudoTB) |
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Term
| General features of enterobacteriaceae: LPS, O,K,H antigens, Pili |
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Definition
| Typical LPS (immunogenic); O antigen = core, elicits TNFa; K antigen = capsule K1 blocks antibody & compliment binding; H antigen = flagella; Pili/fimbriae = attachment |
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Term
| Which two enterobacteriaceae do not have flagella, and thus do not have motility |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two have the K antigen K1 |
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Definition
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Term
| Other Enterobacteriaceae features |
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Definition
| Phase variation (virulence on/off), type 3 secretion |
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Term
| E. coli K1 (neonatal meningitis) risk factors |
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Definition
| Low birth weight, pre-term birth, premature membrane rupture |
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Term
| E. coli K1 clinical findings |
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Definition
| Fever/hypothermia, lethargy, poor feeding, full fontanelle (sutures between skull bones not fused at birth) |
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Term
| Classification of neonatal infections - which one is E. coli K1? |
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Definition
| Early (in first 3-7 days, vertically transmitted), Late (>7d, community acquired). K1 is early onset |
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Term
| Other common neonatal infections |
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Definition
| Group B strep (Both early and late), E. coli (early), Listeria (early), Staph (late) |
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Term
| E. coli K1 infection & replication |
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Definition
| Crosses mucosa, multiplies in bloodstream, enters BBB, invades meninges |
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Term
| E. coli K1 requirements to enter BBB |
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Definition
| High bacteremia, ligand-receptor interactions, cytoskeletal rearrengement, signaling pathways, and *invading macrophages but not growing intracellularly* (Trojan horse) |
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Term
| K1 - polysialic acid- phase variation |
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Definition
| Made only at body temp, not below 30 deg C. Similar to Group B Nesseria Meningitidis |
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Term
| K1 - two ways it is virulent |
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Definition
| 1) Blocks alternative compliment (binds factor H), 2) *Molecular mimicry* (similar to a mammalian neural cell adhesion molecule) |
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Term
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Definition
| Isolation by culture/gram stain, high WBC, protein in CSF, mostly neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Ampicillin; if resistant, broad spectrum cephalosporin (cefoxatime), aminoglycoside (gentamcin) |
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Term
| Why are women more susceptible to UTIs |
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Definition
| Shorter urethra, opening closer to anus; half of women get at least 1 UTI, and a quarter experience recurring UTIs |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - Cystitis clinical findings, proportion |
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Definition
| Uncomplicated burning sensation, incomplete voiding (95%). |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - Pyelonephritis clinical findings, proportion |
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Definition
| Kidney infections, chills, high fever, nausea, flank pain, bad consequences if untreated (5%) |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - function of adhesins |
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Definition
| Binds to bladder/upper urinary tract to prevent bacteria from being voided with urine |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - function of type 1 pili |
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Definition
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - two other pili |
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Definition
| Pyelonephritis-associated pili, Dr/AFA pili (binds decay-accelerating factor) |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC infection cycle |
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Definition
| Invades superficial facet cells of bladder, replicates in epithelial cells --> apoptosis & exfoliation exposes lower layers --> dormant in vesicles; reactivation --> recurrent cystitis |
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Term
| E. coli UPEC - other virulence (2) |
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Definition
| Siderophores (steals Fe), a-hemolysin (toxin triggering apoptosis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyperflaggelated for swarming wave-like motility, urease (which leads to kidney stones) |
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Term
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Definition
| Urine dip stick for nitrite or leukocyte esterase protein, blood; immersion culture media (24h incubation) |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluoroquinolone (cipro, levo); resistance is increasing to B-lactams and Trimeth-Sulfa (Bactrim); aminoglycosides if complicated |
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Term
| Klebsiella pneumoniae forms - many, diverse |
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Definition
| Pneumonias, UTIs, biliary tract, wounds (necro fascitis), ocular/neurological damage |
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Term
| Klebsiella pneumonia virulence (4) |
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Definition
| K1 Capsule is antiphagocytic, inhibits C3b activation; LPS stimulatory & masks with C3b; adhesins, siderophores |
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Term
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Definition
| Painless inguinal lesion endemic in tropical areas |
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Term
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Definition
| "Currant jelly" blood tinged sputum, mucoid colonies, lactose fermenting, urease positive |
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Term
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Definition
| Newer cephalosporins + aminoglycosides, or extended-spectrum B-lactams (Piperacillin, ticarcillin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Oriental rat flea drinks rat blood, bacteria clogs flea's gut, flea bites humans and pukes bacteria into wound |
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Term
| Location of most Y. pestis (plague) cases in US |
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Definition
| Four corners: NM, AZ, UT, CO |
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Term
| Y. pestis - "Black death" is |
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Definition
| Necrosis secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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Term
| Y. pestis - virulence factors |
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Definition
| Type 3 secretion, Yersinia outer proteins mess with cells, Lipid A --| TLR4, F1 capsule is antiphagocytic |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to langerhans & alveolar macrophages as antigen-presenting cells; delivered to lymph nodes (CD4+ lymphocytes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Phase switch - tetra-acylated = fluid/mobile at 37 deg, hexa-acylated = rigid/stable at 26 deg |
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Term
| Y. pestis balances high mortality with a great ability to spread by… (Trade-Off) |
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Definition
| No inflammation for 3d allows bacteria to replicate a ton |
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Term
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Definition
| Direct fluorescent Ab assay for F1 glycoprotein |
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Term
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Definition
| Stains granules at ends of bacteria, creating safety-pin like apperance. Used for Y. pestis |
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Term
| Three forms of Y. pestis in order of mortality |
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Definition
| Bubonic, Septicemic, Pneumonic |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptomycin (alternatives - gentamycin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol); treat early |
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